Fetal bovine serum (fbs)

Manufactured by Transgene

Sourced in China, United States

Fetal bovine serum is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. It is a commonly used component in cell culture media, providing various growth factors, hormones, and other nutrients that support the growth and proliferation of cells in vitro.

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Lab products found in correlation

90 protocols using fetal bovine serum (fbs)

SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Production and Characterization

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The S protein gene sequence was obtained from NCBI (GenBank accession number MN908947.3). According to the S protein gene sequence, we synthesized the S protein plasmid by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. The human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T), HEK293F cells, and hybridoma cells sp2/0 were preserved in our laboratory. The HEK293T cell was cultured in DMEM medium (Gibco, Cat. No. A4192101, USA) supplement with 8% fetal bovine serum (Transgen, Cat. No. FS301-02, China) and 293F cells were cultured in SMM 293-TII Expression Medium (Sino Biological, Cat. No. M293TII). The sp2/0 cell was maintained in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, Cat. No. 11875093, USA) supplement with 8% fetal bovine serum (Transgen, Cat. No. FS301-02, China). The Escherichia coli DH5α competent cells were purchased from TransGen Biotech (Transgen, Cat. No. CD201-01, China).

Wang A., Tian Y., Liu H., Ding P., Chen Y., Liang C., Du Y., Jiang D., Zhu X., Yin J, & Zhang G. (2022). Identification of three conserved linear B cell epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 11(1), 2120-2131.

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Glioma Tissue Culture and Expansion

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Glioma tissue samples from each site were briefly rinsed and finely minced in 0.25% trypsin/EDTA (Gibco, NY, USA). After incubation at 37°C, samples were dissociated by pipetting up and down thoroughly. The dissociated samples were washed with DMEM/F12 medium (Hyclone, UT, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (TransGen Biotech, Beijing, People’s Republic of China). The suspension was filtered to single cells and spun briefly. Cells were resuspended in serum-free medium, counted using a hemacytometer, and plated at 100 cells/well in 96-well plates. Five replicate wells were cultured for each sample. Culture medium was free of serum and contained 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF; Peprotech, NJ, USA), 20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; Peprotech), and 1× B27 (Gibco). Cells were maintained at 37°C in an incubator with an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂.

He T., Qiu T., Wang X., Gui H., Wang X., Hu Q., Xia H., Qi G., Wu J, & Ma H. (2017). Multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies enriched foci of cancer stem-like cells in high-grade gliomas. OncoTargets and therapy, 10, 195-203.

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CUL4A Knockdown in HGC27 Cells

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Human GC HGC27 cells (presented by The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Solarbio, Beijing, People’s Republic of China) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Transgene, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France) and 1% antibiotics. Cells were incubated at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the CUL4A gene and nonsense siRNA (for the use as negative control [NC]) were designed and synthesized (GenePharma, Shanghai, China). The HGC27 cells were grown to 30–40% confluence and transfected with CUL4A siRNA or NC. Transfection efficiency was determined using Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis.

Gong Y., Xiang X.J., Feng M., Chen J., Fang Z.L, & Xiong J.P. (2017). CUL4A promotes cell invasion in gastric cancer by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Biologics : Targets & Therapy, 11, 45-53.

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Cell Culture of Immortalized LLCs

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LLCs (FuHeng Biology, Shanghai) were incubated in high glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, HyClone), containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Transgen Biotech) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin. Cell lines were cultured in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO₂ at 37°C and subcultured every 2 days.

Zhu K., Xu Y., Zhong R., Li W., Wang H., Wong Y.S., Venkatraman S., Liu J, & Cao Y. (2023). Hybrid liposome–erythrocyte drug delivery system for tumor therapy with enhanced targeting and blood circulation. Regenerative Biomaterials, 10, rbad045.

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Murine Macrophage Cell Culture

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During the experiments, the murine RAW264.7 cell line (ATCC TIB-71, purchased from ATCC) was cultured for the detection of cellular inflammation. After the cells were revived, they were cultured with high glucose DMEM (HyClone, USA) containing 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum (TransGen, China) at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Passages were performed using a cell scraper.

Li M., Wei X., Li Y., Feng T., Jiang L., Zhu H., Yu X., Tang J., Chen G., Zhang J, & Zhang X. (2020). PM2.5 in poultry houses synergizes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aggravate lung inflammation in mice through the NF-κB pathway. Journal of Veterinary Science, 21(3), e46.

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Culturing Myeloma and Kidney Cells

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Myeloma cell line SP2/0 and baby hamster kidney BHK-21 cells (CCL-10, American Type Culture Collection) were cultured in DMEM/High glucose (Hyclone, Thermo scientific, USA) in a humidified 5% CO₂ atmosphere at 37°C. All culture media were added with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum (TransGen, Beijing, China), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 mg/mL streptomycin (Solarbio, Beijing, China).

Ti J., Li Z., Li X., Lu Y., Diao Y, & Li F. (2017). Identification of one B-cell epitope from NS1 protein of duck Tembusu virus with monoclonal antibodies. PLoS ONE, 12(7), e0181177.

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Culturing Renal and Kidney Cancer Cells

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The human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line HKC and human ccRCC cell lines, viz., 786-O, A498, 769P, Caki-2, Caki-1, ACHN, OS-RC-2, and SN12-PM6, were obtained from the National Platform of Experimental Cell Resources for Sci-Tech (Beijing, China), cultured in RPMI 1640, McCoy’s 5A, or high-glucose DMEM (Hyclone, USA) media with 10% fetal bovine serum (TransGen Biotech, Beijing, China), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Solarbio, Beijing, China). All cells were maintained at 37°C in the atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂.

Duan J., Ma X., Shi J., Xuan Y., Wang H., Li P., Zhang Y., Fan Y., Gong H., Ma X., Pang Y., Wang L., Yan Y, & Zhang X. (2019). Long noncoding RNA LINC-PINT promotes proliferation through EZH2 and predicts poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. OncoTargets and therapy, 12, 4729-4740.

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Transwell-based Cell Migration and Invasion Assay

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Transwell inserts (Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA) were used to detect cell migration and invasion. For the migration assay, cells (5×10⁵ cells/ml) cultured in serum-free medium from each group were added to the upper chamber, and fetal bovine serum (Beijing Transgen Biotech Co., Ltd.) containing DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) was added to the lower chamber. All the cells were left to migrate for 24 h. The migrated cells were fixed in 95% alcohol, stained with 0.1% hexamethyl pararosaniline (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Haimen, China) for 20 min at room temperature, and counted under an upright metallurgical microscope (magnification, ×100; Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). The experiment was repeated 3 times for each group. For invasion detection, upper chambers of Transwell were specifically coated with Matrigel. The rates of cell migration and invasion in all groups were calculated.

Huang D., Chen J., Yang C, & Wang M. (2018). TPX2 silencing mediated by joint action of microvesicles and ultrasonic radiation inhibits the migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17(6), 7627-7635.

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NSCLC Cell Culture Protocol

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Human H1299 and H460 NSCLC cell lines were purchased from the cell bank of the Shanghai Institute of Cell Research (Shanghai, China). The two cell lines were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Hyclone; GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Logan, UT, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (TransGen Biotech, Inc., Beijing, China) and maintained in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO₂ at 37°C.

GUO Q., LIU Z., JIANG L., LIU M., MA J., YANG C., HAN L., NAN K, & LIANG X. (2016). Metformin inhibits growth of human non-small cell lung cancer cells via liver kinase B-1-independent activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13(3), 2590-2596.

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Lung Cancer Tissue and Cell Line Protocol

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All lung cancer paraffin sections and lung cancer tissues were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. The lung cancer tissues were kept in liquid nitrogen for protein extraction. Human NSCLC A549, H1299, H358 cell lines were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). A549, H1299, H358 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (TransGen) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (TransGen) at 37°C in humidified air containing 5% CO₂.

Tian L., Shen D., Li X., Shan X., Wang X., Yan Q, & Liu J. (2015). Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of lung cancer by down-regulating FUT4. Oncotarget, 7(2), 1619-1632.

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