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3 protocols using 5 methylquinoxaline 5 mq

1

Bioactive Compounds in Dragon Fruit Peel

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Dragon fruit peels were sourced from Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. The cookie ingredients used were commercially available from a supermarket. The following reagents and chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA): Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, betanin (betanidin 5-β-D-glucopyranoside), TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA), malondialdehyde tetrabutylammonium salt (MDA), pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa powder (250 U/mg), α-amylase type VI-B from porcine pancreas (15.8 U/mg), pancreatin from porcine pancreas, methylglyoxal (40% aqueous solution), 5-methylquinoxaline (5-MQ), and o-phenylenediamine (OPD). Amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger was purchased from Roche Diagnostics in Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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2

Quantification of Advanced Glycation End-products

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HMF, [U-13C6]-HMF, 3-DG, quinoxaline, 2-methylquinoxaline, o-phenylenediamine (OPD), 5-methylquinoxaline (5-MQ) and formic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). CML and CEL standards as well as d4-Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (d4-CML) and d4-Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (d4-CEL) standards were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (North York, ON, Canada). Ammonia solution (≥25% in H2O), monobasic and dibasic potassium phosphate were of HPLC grade and obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co. (Shanghai, China). Analytical grade chloroform, sodium borohydride, sodium borate, boric acid, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Methanol (MS grade) was acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dietary curcumin (≥90%), pectin (≥80%) and chitosan (≥90%) were purchased from Xingmu Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). Dietary catechins was purchased from Hongda Tea Co., Ltd. (Wuyuan, China), and the composition of catechins is summarized in Supplementary Materials (Table S1). Oasis HLB or MCX solid phase extraction cartridges (6 cc, 200 mg) were supplied by Waters (Milford, MA, USA). Deionized water was provided by the Watson Group Ltd. (Hongkong, China).
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3

Rapeseed Cake Glycation Characterization

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D(+)-Glucose (GLC), bovine serum albumin (BSA), methylglyoxal (MGO, 40% aqueous solution), glyoxal (GO, 40% aqueous solution), aminoguanidine sulphate hydrate (AG), sinapinic acid (SI), Quercetin (QE), 5-methylquinoxaline (5-MQ), nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT), o-phenylenediamine (OPD), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), trolox (6hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 2-2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), Folin-Ciocalteu and standards for phenolic compounds were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Iron (III) chloride was purchased from Panreac (Madrid, Spain). Derivatising agents methoxyamine hydrochloride and N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifuoroacetamide (MSTFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Pyridine, sugars, amino acids, organic acids and polyphenols used for identification and quantification were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Argpyrimidine (ArgP) and pentosidine were obtained from PolyPeptide Laboratories (Strasbourg, France). Cold pressed rapeseed cake (RC) from Brassica napus L var. catana was provided by Summer Harvest© (Perthshire, UK) and stored at room temperature, inside a sealed plastic bag.
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