The MN rat model was induced by cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA) [16 (link)] with tail vein injection for four weeks. At the same time, rats in the normal group were given saline. UTP was examined by the turbidimetric method, and renal pathology was detected by electron microscopy to ensure that the model was established successfully. MN rats were randomly divided into model, WYD, and benazepril groups (six rats in each group). During a period of four weeks, the WYD group was orally administered 16.5 g/kg/day WYD aqueous extract according to our previous experiment (data unpublished). The benazepril group was orally administered 10 mg/kg/day benazepril (Novartis, Switzerland, X2606). The normal and model groups were administered an identical volume of distilled water. On day 28, 24 h urine samples were collected using metabolic cages for all rats. Then, rats were anesthetized. Blood samples from the abdominal aorta were collected. After standing at room temperature for 15 min, blood samples were centrifuged at 1360 ×g for 15 min at 4°C to obtain the serum and then stored at −20°C. Animals were then sacrificed, and both kidneys were harvested for histological analysis.
Benazepril
Manufactured by Novartis
Sourced in China, Switzerland
Benazepril is a pharmaceutical product used in the manufacturing and testing of various medical and laboratory equipment. It functions as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is a class of drugs that help regulate blood pressure. The core function of Benazepril is to assist in the development, production, and quality control of medical devices and laboratory instruments.
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Lab products found in correlation
Benazepril, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bca protein quantity kit, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Ripa lysate, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Anti akt, by Bioworld Technology (1 mentions)
Anti p akt, by Bioworld Technology (1 mentions)
Anti bcl 2, by Bioworld Technology (1 mentions)
Anti mtor, by Bioworld Technology (1 mentions)
Anti p mtor, by Bioworld Technology (1 mentions)
Anti pi3k, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Anti p pi3k, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Bca protein assay kit, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anti caspase 3, by Bioworld Technology (1 mentions)
Aspirin, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Valsartan, by Novartis (1 mentions)
5 protocols using benazepril
1
Modeling Membranous Nephropathy in Rats
2
Pharmacokinetics of Benazepril in Rats
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The research was approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Experimentation of the University of Córdoba (Reference: 55.60 PE, date of approval February 1 st 2010).
The study was conducted in two trials. In the first trial, each animal received IV benazepril at 0.50 mg/kg. After a week of washout, the second trial was undertaken, using a blinded and randomized Latin square (64) design. Each animal received PO placebo or benazepril at 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mg/kg, with at least 1 week of washout between trials. Food was withdrawn from 12 h before administration of the pro-drug to 8 h after.
For IV study, benazepril (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in 0.7% saline and 1%
NaHCO 3 (King et al., 2003) . For PO doses, benazepril hydrochloride tablets (Fortekor 20 mg,
Novartis) were dissolved and suspended in 150 mL of water, sonicated in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min and stored at 4 ºC before trials. After this dissolution process, benazepril concentration was tested by the analytical technique and benazeprilat was not detected. For placebo, the equivalent amount of water without the pro-drug was used. Pro-drugs and placebo were administered by nasogastric intubation at ambient temperature (between 20-24ºC approximately).
In each assay, venous blood samples were taken before administration (time 0), and at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 min and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after.
The study was conducted in two trials. In the first trial, each animal received IV benazepril at 0.50 mg/kg. After a week of washout, the second trial was undertaken, using a blinded and randomized Latin square (64) design. Each animal received PO placebo or benazepril at 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mg/kg, with at least 1 week of washout between trials. Food was withdrawn from 12 h before administration of the pro-drug to 8 h after.
For IV study, benazepril (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in 0.7% saline and 1%
NaHCO 3 (King et al., 2003) . For PO doses, benazepril hydrochloride tablets (Fortekor 20 mg,
Novartis) were dissolved and suspended in 150 mL of water, sonicated in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min and stored at 4 ºC before trials. After this dissolution process, benazepril concentration was tested by the analytical technique and benazeprilat was not detected. For placebo, the equivalent amount of water without the pro-drug was used. Pro-drugs and placebo were administered by nasogastric intubation at ambient temperature (between 20-24ºC approximately).
In each assay, venous blood samples were taken before administration (time 0), and at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 min and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after.
3
Herbs Decoction for Diabetic Nephropathy
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A YPR decoction consisting of seven herbs (prepared Rehmannia root 30 g, Eucommia ulmoides 15 g, Mulberry parasitism 30 g, Radix cyathulae 15 g, Apocynum 30 g, Puerarin 15 g, and Uncaria 15 g) was mixed in 300 mL of distilled water and extracted in a ceramic clay pot at 120°C. After boiling, it was extracted at 100°C for 30 min. Then 100 mL of the water extract was filtered through a sieve. Each of herbs was weighed according to the proportion and decocted until each milliliter contains 1.5 g drug. All herbs and decoctions were provided by the TCM pharmacy of the Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Benazepril (Bena) was purchased from Novartis Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China).
Rats urine mAlb kits and urine α1-MG ELISA kits (XiTang Biotech Company Limited, Shanghai, China); rats TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 immunohistochemistry kits (Bohe Hengmai Biotech Company Limited, Shanghai, China); antibodies of NF-κB p65, IκBα, and GAPDH (Cell Signaling, Boston, USA); nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins extraction kits, BCA protein quantity kits, and RIPA lysate (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Nanjing, China); rabbit anti-rat Histone H3.1 polyclonal antibodies (Signalway Antibody, Maryland, USA); and Luminescence agent (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, USA) were used.
Rats urine mAlb kits and urine α1-MG ELISA kits (XiTang Biotech Company Limited, Shanghai, China); rats TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 immunohistochemistry kits (Bohe Hengmai Biotech Company Limited, Shanghai, China); antibodies of NF-κB p65, IκBα, and GAPDH (Cell Signaling, Boston, USA); nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins extraction kits, BCA protein quantity kits, and RIPA lysate (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Nanjing, China); rabbit anti-rat Histone H3.1 polyclonal antibodies (Signalway Antibody, Maryland, USA); and Luminescence agent (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, USA) were used.
4
Qingrekasen Granule Anticancer Mechanism
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The Qingrekasen Granule was purchased from Xinjiang Uygur Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (NO.1807521, Xinjiang, China). Adriamycin (ADR) was purchased from Shenzhen Main Luck Pharmaceuticals Inc. (No. 2007E1, Shenzhen, China), and Benazepril was purchased from Novartis (No. 2007, Beijing, China). The BCA Protein Assay Kit was obtained from Beyotime Biotech Inc. (P0012, Shanghai, China), and Guangzhou Jet Bio-Filtration Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China) provided the Elisa plates (12 well strip ×8). HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Anti-PI3K and anti-p-PI3K antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (MA, United States). The Anti-AKT, anti-p-AKT, anti-mTOR, anti-P-mTOR, anti-BCL-2, anti-Caspase-3, and Beta-actin antibodies were purchased from Bioworld Technology Inc. (MN, United States). All other reagents were HPLC grade.
5
Treatment for IgA Nephropathy with Proteinuria
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Treatment for patients with IgAN and 24-h urinary protein >1 g included pednisone (PDN, Tianyao Pharmaceuticals, Tianjin, China) 1 mg/kg/d for the first two months, gradually decreasing to a maintenance dose of 10 mg/d over the next 6 months. Benazepril (10 mg/d) or valsartan (80 mg/d, Novartis Pharma, Beijing, China) was administered to other patients.
Aspirin (100 mg/d, Bayer, Germany) or dipyridamole (100 mg/d, Yunpeng Pharmaceutical, Shanxi, China) was provided to patients with a high risk of clotting.
Patients visited the clinic monthly and were followed up for at least 8–12 weeks after the initiation of treatment.
Aspirin (100 mg/d, Bayer, Germany) or dipyridamole (100 mg/d, Yunpeng Pharmaceutical, Shanxi, China) was provided to patients with a high risk of clotting.
Patients visited the clinic monthly and were followed up for at least 8–12 weeks after the initiation of treatment.
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