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6 protocols using anti wtap

1

Comprehensive Western Blot Analysis

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Western blot assay was conducted as previously described [24 (link)]. Antibodies used in this study were as follows: anti-GAPDH (10494-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-AKT (C67E7, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pAKT (S473) (193H12, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-PI3K (Y388, Abcam), anti-PI3K (p110) (Y384, Abcam), anti-S1PR3 (EPR454, Abcam), anti-EGR2 (EPR4004, Abcam), anti-IGF2BP1 (22803-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-IGF2BP2 (11601-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-IGF2BP3 (14642-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-WTAP (10200-1-AP, Proteintech).
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2

Protein Expression Analysis in Cells

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Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer with a protease inhibitor cocktail (KeyGEN, Jiangsu, China) to obtain protein lysates, which were then quantified with a BCA quantification kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). After SDS‒PAGE electrophoresis, the proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, Massachusetts, USA) and blocked in WB blocking solution at room temperature for 1 h (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), followed by incubation with specific antibodies such as anti-ADAMTS4 (#11865-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), anti-ADAMTS5 (#14351, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-MMP13 (#ab219620, Abcam, UK), anti-WTAP (#60188-1-Ig, Proteintech, USA), anti-FRZB (#ab205284, Abcam, UK), anti-β-catenin (#8814S, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) and β-actin (#81115-1-RR, Proteintech, USA) at 4 °C overnight. After washing with 1% TBST for 30 min and incubation with secondary antibodies (1:5000, Abcam) for 2 h, the signal on the membranes was detected by a chemiluminescence system (Tanon 5200 Multi).
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3

Chondrocyte Immunofluorescence Staining

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Chondrocytes were seeded in 12-well plates at 1.5 × 105 cells, after which the chondrocytes were washed with PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature. The cells were then blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for one hour at room temperature. The cells were incubated with the primary antibodies anti-WTAP (#60188-1-Ig, Proteintech, USA), anti-β-catenin (#8814S, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), and anti-FRZB (#ARG58723, Arigo, China) overnight at 4 °C, after which the chondrocytes were washed and incubated with Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated secondary antibody (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) for 1 h in the dark. Finally, chondrocytes were incubated with a DAPI staining solution (AbMole, Houston, USA) for nuclear staining. Fluorescence was examined under a fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
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4

Immunofluorescence Staining of m6A Regulators

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Cultured mESCs were rinsed briefly in PBS and then fixed and permeabilized with pre-chilled methanol:acetone (1:1, v/v) for 10 min at −20°C, or cells were fixed with PBS containing 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature and then permeabilized with PBS containing 0.1% Triton X-100 for 10 min. Cells were subsequently washed with PBS for three times. Cells were blocked for 30 min with 1% BSA in PBS at room temperature. Primary antibodies were diluted in blocking buffer at different concentrations (see blow) and incubated overnight at 4°C. Washed twice with PBS, cells were incubated with DAPI (dilution 1:2000, Solarbio) and fluorescent dye-conjugated secondary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer for one hour at room temperature and then visualized.
Primary antibodies concentrations: anti-Zc3h13 (1:200, Bethyl); anti-WTAP (1:200, Proteintech); anti-Virilizer (1:200, Bethyl); anti-Hakai (1:200, Bethyl); anti Mettl3 (1:200, Abcam); anti Mettl14 (1:200, Sigma-Aldrich); anti SC35 (1:500, Abcam); anti HA (1:1200, Cell Signaling, Cat#3724); anti HA (1:100, Cell Signaling, Cat#2367).
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5

Nuclear Fractionation and Immunoblotting

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mES cells were lysed in hypotonic buffer (10 mM HEPES, pH7.5, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM KCl, 0.5 mM DTT, 1x Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche) and 1 mM PMSF) on ice for 15 min, and then NP-40 was added to a final concentration of 0.25% for another 5 min. Samples were centrifuged for 3 min at 2000 rpm at 4°C, and the supernatant was saved as cytoplasmic fraction. The nuclear pellet obtained from the low speed centrifugation was washed with hypotonic buffer once and re-suspended in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1x Protease Inhibitor Cocktail and 1 mM PMSF) and incubated on ice for 20 min. This sample was saved as nuclear fraction. SDS loading buffer was added in the samples and boiled for 10 min. The samples were loaded on 7.5% SDS-PAGE gels and subjected to immunoblotting with different antibodies. The intensity of the band was measured by Bio-Rad Image Lab software (Bio-rad).
Primary antibodies concentrations used in immunoblotting are as below: anti-Zc3h13 (1:3000, Bethyl); anti-WTAP (1:3000, Proteintech); anti-Virilizer (1:3000, Bethyl); anti-Hakai (1:3000, Bethyl); anti Mettl3 (1:3000, Abcam); anti Mettl14 (1:2000, Sigma); anti-Lamin B1 (1:5000, Proteintech); anti-α-Tubulin (1:5000, Proteintech).
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6

Western Blotting for Protein Expression

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Western blotting was performed by standard methods. The PVDF membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies as follows: anti-QKI-6 (1:750, Millipore Corporation, CA, USA), anti-WTAP (1:3000, Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), anti-PI3K, anti-p-PI3K, anti-AKT, anti-p-AKT, anti-ERK1/2, anti-p-ERK1/2 (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-GAPDH (1:1000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The membranes were washed and then incubated with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (1:5000, Proteintech Group) at room temperature for two hours. Finally, signals were detected with an enhanced chemiluminescence detection system. The relative integrated density values (IDVs) were measured with FluorChem 2.0 software and calculated with GAPDH as the internal control.
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