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Epr25a

Manufactured by Abcam
Sourced in United Kingdom, Denmark

The EPR25A is a high-performance electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer designed for advanced research applications. It provides a stable and reliable platform for the detection and analysis of paramagnetic species in a variety of samples. The EPR25A features a precise magnetic field control system and a sensitive microwave detection system, enabling accurate measurements of g-factors, hyperfine structures, and spin-spin interactions.

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8 protocols using epr25a

1

Multiplex Immunohistochemistry for Tumor Profiling

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mIHC was performed using an Opal automation Multiplex IHC kit (PerkinElmer NEL801001KT or NEL821001KT, or equivalent) on Leica BOND Rx platform followed by IF 6-colorWJJ-CD30 protocol in CAP-controlled area within the Oncology and Immunology Unit of WuXi AppTec. Human FFPE specimens were labeled with different primary antibodies (CD30 Ber-H2, Dako M0751; FcγRΙ+ OTI3D3, Abcam ab140779; CD68 KP-1, Ventana 790–2931; PD-L1 SP263, Ventana 790–4905; CD8 SP57, Ventana 790–4460), followed by appropriate secondary antibodies (Polymer HRP from Opal automation Multiplex IHC kit) and different Opal dyes, and finally counterstained with DAPI (spectral 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG; Abcam ab172730, EPR25A), and mouse IgG1 (Abcam ab18443, kappa monoclonal MOPC-21) were used as isotype control. Whole slide images were acquired for each case using a Leica Aperio VERSA 8 automated microscope. Image analysis was performed using the HALO software package (Indica Labs), and segmentation and mark-up of individual cells were performed, reviewed, and scored blinded by two pathologists using the IndicaLabs-HighPlex FL module.
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2

Multiparametric Intracellular Cytokine Analysis

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For intracellular cytokine staining, CD4+ T cells or CD4+ T cell/monocyte cocultures were stimulated for 3 h in the presence of PMA (50 ng/ml; Sigma-Aldrich), ionomycin (750 ng/ml; Sigma-Aldrich), and GolgiStop (as per the manufacturer’s instructions; BD Biosciences). Cells were washed and stained with CD3-PE Cy7 (UCHT1; BioLegend) and LIVE/DEAD efluor 780 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cells were then fixed in 2% PFA and permeabilized with 0.5% saponin (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cells were subsequently stained for the following cytokines: IL-10–Alexa Fluor 488 (JES3-9D7; BioLegend), IL-17A–PE (BL168; BioLegend), IFN-γ–Pacific blue (4S.B3; BioLegend), and TNF–allophycocyanin (MAb11; BioLegend).
For intranuclear staining of IKZF3, cells were fixed and permeabilized with FOXP3 staining buffer (BioLegend) for 15 min at room temperature before being stained for CD3-PE Cy7, IL-10–Alexa Fluor 488, IL-17A–PE, IFN-γ–Pacific blue, TNF-BV605 (MAb11; BioLegend), and either IKZF3-Alexa Fluor 647 (EPR9342[B]; Abcam) or isotype control (EPR25A; Abcam) for 30 min. Standard gating strategy for intracellular cytokine staining is shown in Supplemental Fig. 1A–C.
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3

Quantifying Macrophage GLUT1 Expression

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Human macrophages were harvested from culture using PBS + 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Sigma Aldrich #E7889) and cell lifters (Fisher Scientific #08-100-240). Cells were stained with eBioscience™ Fixable Viability Dye eFlour780 (Invitrogen #65-0865-14) at 1:1000 in PBS for 20 min. For GLUT1 antibody staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized with the BD Biosciences Cytofix/Cytoperm kit (#554722) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Cells were incubated with 0.05 µg/µl of Human Fc Block (BD Biosciences #564219) for 20 min prior to antibody staining with anti-GLUT1 (Abcam #EPR3915) or isotype control (Rabbit IgG, Abcam #EPR25A) at 1.58 μg/ml for 30 min. After washing, cells were stained with Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L Alexa Fluor 488 secondary (Abcam #ab150077) at 2 μg/ml for 30 min. Cells were washed and re-suspended in FACS buffer for analysis on the BD Biosciences LSRFortessa. Data analysis was performed using FlowJo v10.
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4

Calcitriol Solubilization and Antibody Preparation

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Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3; Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St Louis, MO, USA) was solubilized in absolute ethanol to 1 mm and further diluted in X-VIVO 15 medium (04–418, Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) before addition to the cell culture. The antibodies used were fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated mouse anti-human CD4 (clone RTF-4 g, Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL, USA), fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated mouse IgG1 isotype control (15H6, Southern Biotech), allophycocyanin-conjugated anti-human CD25 (IgG1, Immunotools, Friesoythe, Germany), allophycocyanin-conjugated mouse isotype IgG1 (Immunotools), mouse anti-VDR (D-6, sc-13133, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), mouse anti-GAPDH (6C5, sc-32233, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-TAGAP (EPR15593, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-Actin (A2066, Sigma-Aldrich Corp.), rabbit monoclonal IgG (EPR25A, Abcam), horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Europe Ltd., Suffolk, UK) and Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (A-21245, Molecular Probes, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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5

Analyzing Calreticulin Expression on Infected Cells

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Cells were infected with CF33-hNIS (MOI 5) for 16 h. 1 × 106 cells were resuspended in PBS with 2% FBS and stained with isotype control (EPR25A; Abcam) or anti-calreticulin antibody (EPR3924; Abcam). After staining, FACS analysis was performed.
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6

Calreticulin Expression in CF33-infected Cells

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Cells were infected with CF33 or CF33-FLuc (MOI 5) for 16 hr.
1 × 106 cells were resuspended in PBS with 2% FBS and stained with isotype control (Abcam, EPR25A) or Anti-Calreticulin antibody (Abcam, EPR3924). After staining, FACS analysis was performed.
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7

ChIP Assay for POU6F1 Transcription Factor

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ChIP assay was performed according to the instructions of the ChIP assay kit (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). HEK293T cells were plated into a 10-cm culture dish and transfected with the pCMV-HA-POU6F1 plasmid for 72 h. Cells were fixed with 1% formaldehyde for 10 min and then quenched with 125 mmol/L glycines. After being washed with cold PBS twice, the cells were collected and sonicated. Afterward, IP was conducted by using antibodies for HA (Abcam, ab9110), POU6F1 (abclonal, A7299), or IgG (Abcam, EPR25A). The co-precipitated DNAs were purified with phenol/chloroform for further PCR and analysis. Primer sets were listed in Supplementary Table 5.
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8

Flow Cytometry Analysis of MHC Expression in 4T1 Cells

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Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of membrane-associated proteins (MHC class I and MHC class II) in 4T1 cell lines treated with F3 (50 μg/ml), dissolved in 0.1% dimethyl sulphoxide, for 24 h. The dose concentration of F3 was previously shown to inhibit 4T1 cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner [23 (link)]. The primary antibodies used were as follows: Anti-MHCI (Rabbit monoclonal, EPR1394Y; Abcam, Cambridge, UK); Anti-MHCII (Mouse monoclonal, MRC OX-6; Abcam); Rabbit IgG isotype control (EPR25A, Abcam); Mouse IgG1 isotype control (X092701, Dako Denmark A/S). Untreated cells and isotype controls were used as negative controls. Cellular expression of a specific protein was based on the detection of target antigen bound with fluorescent-labeled antibody at equilibrium. For a successful fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) of live cells using the flow cytometer, the calibration procedure, reagent preparations and dilution of antibodies were carefully performed to obtain optimum intensity of the fluorescence signal. Data for 10,000 live events were acquired for each sample using a FACS Calibur cytometer for analysis. The FACS results were analyzed using the FlowJo v.X.0.7 software (Tree Star Inc., Ashland, OR, USA).
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