Agilent model 7890a series

H₂O₂ amounts were deciphered as previously explained [147 (link)]. Freeze dried samples were crushed and, then, the powdered sample (0.3 g) was homogenized in ice bath with 5 mL 0.1% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The homogenate was centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 20 min. The supernatant (0.5 mL) was combined with 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (0.5 mL, pH 7.0) and 1 M potassium iodide (1 mL). The mixture was stored at 25 °C for 20 min and its intensity was recorded at 390 nm using a spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test was used to estimate lipid peroxidation in leaves [148 (link)]. The reaction mixture comprised 0.5 mL of 0.1% TCA extract that was added to 1 mL of 0.5% TBA (prepared in 20% TCA). The mixture was incubated in boiling water (95 °C, 30 min), followed by cooling in ice bath (10 min). Afterwards, the mixture was centrifuged (12,000 rpm, 5 min) and the supernatant absorbance was read at 532 and 600 nm (T60 UV-Vis, PG Instruments Ltd., Wibtoft, UK).
Plant materials were analyzed for their fatty acids content with reference to a formerly published method [149 (link)]. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was performed on an Agilent Model 7890A series (Agilent, Dover, DE, USA).

The concentration of H₂O₂ was evaluated based on a modified method (Velikova et al., 2000 (link)) originally described by Kazerooni et al. (2021 (link)). The powdered leaf tissue (0.3 g) was homogenized in an ice bath with 0.1% trichloroacetic acid (TCA; 5 ml). The absorbance of the mixture was recorded at 390 nm using a spectrophotometer.
López-Serrano et al. (2019 (link)) method was applied to evaluate the lipid content in soybean and maize leaves. The mixture comprising 0.1% TCA (0.5 ml) extract was added to 0.5% TBA (1 ml; prepared in 20% TCA). The reaction was commenced by incubating the mixture at 95°C for 30 min and terminated by placing the mixture in an ice bath for 10 min. Then the mixture was immediately centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 5 min. Lipid content was measured at wavelengths of 532 and 600 nm (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
We used a previously published method (Poirier et al., 1999 (link)) to determine the fatty acid content in soybean and maize leaves. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was conducted on an Agilent Model 7890A series (Agilent, Dover, DE, USA).