Whole liver grafts were retrieved as detailed elsewhere.27 , 28 Briefly, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane (Escain, Mylan, Osaka, Japan) via a small animal anesthetizer (MK‐A110; Muromachi Kikai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). After heparinization (200 IU/rat; Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), the common bile duct was cannulated with a 24‐gauge polyethylene tube (TERUMO, Tokyo, Japan). A 14‐gauge catheter (Argyle, COvidIEN, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted into the PV trunk, followed by a blood washout with 40 mL of ice‐cold University of Wisconsin (UW) solution (Viaspan, Astellas, Tokyo, Japan). A 24‐gauge polyethylene tube (TERUMO, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted into the HA through the celiac trunk. The suprahepatic caval vein was cannulated with a 14‐gauge short stent. The liver was immediately flushed with 20 mL of ice‐cold UW solution and then preserved for 24 hours at 4°C in 40 mL of UW solution. Sham‐operated rats underwent the same procedure, but they were not cold‐stored and were directly subjected to isolated ex vivo perfusion for reference.
Escain
Manufactured by Viatris
Sourced in Japan
Escain is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Viatris. It is designed for general laboratory use, providing a reliable and consistent performance in various experimental applications. The core function of Escain is to facilitate controlled and precise handling of samples and reagents in a laboratory setting. Detailed specifications and intended use cases are not available.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Mk a110, by Muromachi Kikai (2 mentions)
24 gauge polyethylene tube, by Terumo (1 mentions)
Volume coil, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Bga 12, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Sprague dawley rats, by BioLASCO (1 mentions)
Dynamic plantar aesthesiometer, by Ugo Basile (1 mentions)
Kanamycin, by Meiji Seika Pharma (1 mentions)
Cisplatin, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
10 protocols using escain
1
Whole Liver Retrieval and Preservation
2
Tracing Vestibular Nerve Axons in Mice
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Under isoflurane (Escain, Mylan-Japan, Tokyo, Japan) anesthesia and aseptic conditions, the mice were fixed to a standard mouse stereotaxic apparatus. Tiny holes were opened on the temporal bones over the cerebellar paraflocculus using a surgical drill under a surgical microscope. A glass micropipette (tip diameter, ~20 μm) connected to a microsyringe (Hamilton, 7012) mounted on a standard micromanipulator was inserted into FL via the paraflocculus. The lentivirus vector (0.1–0.25 μl) was slowly injected manually into bilateral FLs, taking at least 30 min for each. To further trace the vestibular nerve axons, the three mice infected with the GFP-expressing lentivirus vector received subsequent BDA injections in the vestibular organ under isoflurane anesthesia. After opening the tympanic membrane and removing the auditory ossicles, the superior part of the exit point of the facial nerve was drilled to open a small hole on the ampulla of the horizontal semicircular canal. Several pieces of gelform sponge (Astellas, Tokyo, Japan) soaked with 10% BDA (Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) dissolved in saline were inserted into the hole made on the horizontal canal after suctioning the lymphatic fluid. Three to four days after BDA labeling, the mice were sacrificed by perfusion fixation.
3
Ileal Mucosa Irritation Protocol
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We performed IM as previously reported (5 (link), 15 (link), 16 (link)). In
brief, the abdomen was opened under anesthesia with isoflurane (Escain; Mylan Inc., Tokyo,
Japan), and the ileum was gently rubbed with a sterile cotton applicator soaked in
physiological saline. Following IM, we sealed the abdomen.
brief, the abdomen was opened under anesthesia with isoflurane (Escain; Mylan Inc., Tokyo,
Japan), and the ileum was gently rubbed with a sterile cotton applicator soaked in
physiological saline. Following IM, we sealed the abdomen.
4
Arginine Metabolism in Mice
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Experiment 1: Mice were divided into three groups as follows: 1) no
administration group (control group); 2) L-Arg (6 mmol/10 ml distilled
water [DW]/kg body weight [BW]) administration group and; 3) D-Arg (6 mmol/10
ml DW/kg BW) administration group. Oral administration was performed
using a plastic probe. Each Arg administration group was further divided into three groups
(6 mice per group) based on the time from administration to sampling (30, 60, and 90 min).
Mice were tested during the light period and were maintained in a closed room. All mice
were euthanized under anesthesia with isoflurane (Escain®, Mylan, Osaka,
Japan), and blood samples were collected. The brains were immediately excised and
dissected to collect the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus.
Experiment 2: Mice were divided into three groups as follows: 1)
distilled water (10 ml/kg BW) administration group (control group); 2)
L-Arg (6 mmol/10 ml DW/kg BW) administration group; and 3) D-Arg (6
mmol/10 ml DW/kg BW) administration group. Post 13 days after delivery,
each solution was orally administered 1 hr before milking. After milking, all mice were
euthanized under anesthesia with isoflurane and liver and blood samples were
collected.
administration group (control group); 2) L-Arg (6 mmol/10 ml distilled
water [DW]/kg body weight [BW]) administration group and; 3) D-Arg (6 mmol/10
ml DW/kg BW) administration group. Oral administration was performed
using a plastic probe. Each Arg administration group was further divided into three groups
(6 mice per group) based on the time from administration to sampling (30, 60, and 90 min).
Mice were tested during the light period and were maintained in a closed room. All mice
were euthanized under anesthesia with isoflurane (Escain®, Mylan, Osaka,
Japan), and blood samples were collected. The brains were immediately excised and
dissected to collect the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus.
Experiment 2: Mice were divided into three groups as follows: 1)
distilled water (10 ml/kg BW) administration group (control group); 2)
L-Arg (6 mmol/10 ml DW/kg BW) administration group; and 3) D-Arg (6
mmol/10 ml DW/kg BW) administration group. Post 13 days after delivery,
each solution was orally administered 1 hr before milking. After milking, all mice were
euthanized under anesthesia with isoflurane and liver and blood samples were
collected.
5
T1-Weighted MRI of Sciatic Nerve in Rats
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T1‐weighted images were obtained using 7 T MRI 24 hours after contrast agent injection. Rats were anesthetized using isoflurane (1.5%‐2.0%, Escain, Mylan) and immobilized in the supine position in the center of an MRI bore. The rectal temperature was maintained at 36°C to 37°C. All MRI data were acquired on a 7 T MRI system (Magnet: Kobelco, Japan; Console: Bruker Biospin, Avance I, Germany) equipped with a gradient system (BGA12, Bruker Biospin), in combination with a volume coil (inner diameter 72 mm, Bruker) for transmission and a two‐channel phased‐array surface coil (Rapid Biomedical, Germany) for signal reception. For the T1‐weighted MRI, the following parameters were used: spin‐echo method, repetition time (TR) = 400 ms, echo time (TE) = 9.6 ms, field of view (FOV) = 38.4 × 19.2 mm2, matrix size = 256 × 128, slice thickness = 1 mm, slice gap = 2.0 mm, and 5 slices. The inhomogeneity in sensitivity of the surface coil was corrected using an AFNI software tool (3dUnifize, NIMH, NIH, USA). Regions of interest (ROI) included the sciatic nerve on both sides of the pelvis, and surrounding musculature. The normalized signal ratio was calculated as the intensity of the sciatic nerve divided by the intensity in the same muscle slice (Figure 1 B).
6
Thyroidectomy Model and Herbal Treatment
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A total of 20 three-month-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were purchased from BioLASCO Taiwan Co., Ltd. (Yi-Lan, Taiwan). All rats were maintained in an animal facility under specific pathogen-free conditions with a constant temperature of 22°C ± 2°C under a 12 h light/dark cycle; they were given ad libitum access to water and food. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of our university (Protocol number: NTNU Animal Experiments No. 104022). All rats were randomized into four groups: negative control (sham), positive control with B307 treatment only (CHM), thyroidectomy only (TD), and thyroidectomy with B307 posttreatment (TD + CHM). Before the experiments commenced, all rats were allowed to acclimatize for one week. Before thyroidectomy surgery, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane (Escain; Mylan, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Then, their thyroid glands were cut out from the tracheal tube. To evaluate the recovery of the wound after surgery, B307 was fed to the TD + CHM rats from the third day after thyroidectomy surgery. The B307 feeding experiment lasted two weeks. We examined the body weight of each rat daily. Also, we observed that the serum TSH of TD rats rapidly increased and then stabilized after seven days. Successful thyroidectomy of the TD and TD + CHM rats was confirmed by macroscopic observation at necropsy.
7
Titanium Implant Integration in Elderly Rats
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The present study was carried out at the Institute for Animal Experimentation at Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine under the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Tohoku University Environmental & Safety Committee (approval number 2015DnA-004-1).
Seventeen male Wistar rats were used in the present study. Elderly rats (1 year and 3 months old) were used to simulate unfavorable bone conditions. A straighttype pure titanium dental implant (SETiO Plus, GC) with a diameter of 3.0 mm and a length of 12 mm was inserted in both tibiae in each rat.
The surgery was performed under gas anesthesia (2.5% isoflurane) (Escain, Mylan) under aseptic conditions. A skin incision was made on the medial side of the tibia, and both cortices were perforated with a surgical drill at a low rotational speed under constant
Seventeen male Wistar rats were used in the present study. Elderly rats (1 year and 3 months old) were used to simulate unfavorable bone conditions. A straighttype pure titanium dental implant (SETiO Plus, GC) with a diameter of 3.0 mm and a length of 12 mm was inserted in both tibiae in each rat.
The surgery was performed under gas anesthesia (2.5% isoflurane) (Escain, Mylan) under aseptic conditions. A skin incision was made on the medial side of the tibia, and both cortices were perforated with a surgical drill at a low rotational speed under constant
8
Isoflurane Anesthesia for Liver Procurement
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The rats were generally anesthetized with isoflurane (Escain; Mylan, Osaka, Japan) via a small animal anesthetizer (MK-A110; Muromachi Kikai, Tokyo, Japan). After midline laparotomy with bilateral subcostal extensions, the liver was carefully mobilized from all ligamentous attachments. After heparinization (300 IU/rat; Mochida Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan), cardiac arrest was induced by phrenotomy and subsequent bilateral pneumothorax, followed by clamping the descending aorta. Donor animals remained untouched thereafter for 30 minutes. WIT in situ was counted from aorta clamping. 19 Low body temperature was prevented by an isothermal heating pad and by covering the body, enabling to keep approximately 32.0 ± 0.3°C throughout WIT.
9
Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation in Rats
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Eighty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups of 12. The partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) model was prepared according to a previously used method (Seltzer et al., 1990) . Under 2% isoflurane anesthesia (Escain, Mylan Inc., Osaka, Japan), the left femoral skin was incised and the sciatic nerve was exposed. Approximately one-half to one-third of the sciatic nerve was tightly ligated with surgical 8-0 silk thread. The surgical area was sterilized with kanamycin (Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and was sutured with surgical 4-0 silk thread. Twelve days after PSL, the paw withdrawal threshold was measured using the Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer (model 37400; Ugo Basile, Varese, Italy). Mechanical stimulation was applied to the left hind paw in a stepwise manner (from 0 to 30 g in 40 seconds, at 0.5 g/step). PSL rats with a paw withdrawal threshold of 7 g or less were selected and assigned to treatment groups. The rats received the test compound or vehicle (control) orally, and the paw withdrawal threshold was measured at 0 hours (before administration), and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after administration. The area under the curve (AUC) of the 8-hour paw withdrawal threshold (AUC 0-8 hours ) was calculated by the trapezoidal method.
10
Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury Model
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Animals were anesthetized with 5% isoflurane (Escain ® ; Mylan, Tokyo, Japan), and anesthesia was maintained with 1.0-1.5% isoflurane. Under anesthesia, 10 or 20 mg/kg of cisplatin (Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan) was intravenously infused over 15 min interval using a syringe pump (KDS200P, Muromachi Kikai, Tokyo, Japan). Three days following cisplatin administration, blood samples were obtained for the determination of BUN or serum creatinine (sCr). The kidney was perfused with saline and isolated to measure sEH activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) analysis. Edaravone (Radicut ® ; Mitsubishi Tanabe, Tokyo, Japan) was administered intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/kg just before cisplatin administration and once a day for 2 days.
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