Cells transfected with plasmid DNA were lysed in RIPA buffer with the addition of protease inhibitor and phosphatase inhibitor (Roche). The cell extracts were harvested by centrifugation at 4°C for 10 min and the supernatant was used for IP assay. Cell extracts (500 μg) were incubated with 20 μl of anti-Flag M2 affinity gel (50% slurry) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at 4°C for 2 h. Immunoprecipitates were collected by centrifugation at 1000 × g, washed with RIPA buffer for three times followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and western blot. For co-IP assay, cells were co-transfected with equal amount of Tag-fusioned constructs and lysed 48 h later. anti-Flag M2 affinity gel (50% slurry) (Sigma-Aldrich) and EGFP antibody (Roche) were used for IP of protein complex from cell extract at 4°C for 2 h. After washing with PBS for three times, the immunoprecipitates were eluted by sampling buffer and subject to SDS-PAGE and western blot.
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