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7 protocols using af647 goat anti mouse igg

1

Immunofluorescent Imaging of Human GBM, Normal Brain, and Mouse Brain

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Sections were cut from Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) compound-embedded human GBM, human adjacent normal brain, and mouse brain tissues (5–6 µm thickness).
Tissue sections were stained using 5 µg/mL purified mouse anti-human CD3 (UCHT1; BioLegend) and 4 µg/mL purified hamster anti-mouse CD31 (2H8; Thermo Fisher Scientific) with goat anti-mouse IgG AF647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and goat anti-hamster IgG AF488 (Abcam) detection antibodies, and mouse anti-GD2-FITC (14.G2A; BD) at a dilution of 1:100. GFAP was detected with polyclonal rabbit-anti human GFAP (1:500, Agilent) and donkey anti-rabbit IgG AF55 detection (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Whole-slide imaging was performed on a Zeiss Axio Scan.Z1 slide-scanner using 20× objective and ZEN 3.1 Blue system software. Fluorescence overlays were created by merging channels and applying false color using FIJI (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health).
For further detail see online supplemental methods.
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2

Immunofluorescence Assay of Cell Markers

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For the immunofluorescence assay, cells were fixed, permeabilized at 4 °C for 30 min, incubated with the indicated antibodies (rabbit anti-ACE2 pAb, Proteintech, 21115-1-AP, 1:50; mouse anti-ASGPR1 mAb, Sino Biological, 10773-MM02, 1:50; rabbit anti-ASGPR1 mAb, Sino Biological, 10773-R011, 1:50; and mouse anti-KREMEN1 mAb, homemade, 1:100) at 4 °C overnight. The cells were washed twice with PBS, stained with labeled secondary antibodies (goat anti rabbit IgG/AF488, Thermo Fisher, A11034; goat anti mouse IgG/AF647, Thermo Fisher, A21236; goat anti human IgG/AF647, Thermo Fisher, A21455; goat anti mouse IgG/AF594, Thermo Fisher, A11005; each at 1:200) at 4 °C for 2 h, and subjected to 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich) staining for observation under a microscope imaging system (Olympus, Japan).
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3

Transparent Optic Nerve Imaging

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iDISCO was carried out as previously described (http://www.idisco.info)22 (link). The following antibodies were used: goat anti-mouse VEGFR3 (R&D, No. AF743,1:400), rat anti-mouse LYVE1 (R&D, MAB2125,1:400), rabbit anti-mouse LYVE1 (AngioBio, No. 11-034,1:200), mouse anti-human VEGFR3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, SC-28297, 1:200), rabbit anti-human LYVE1 (Angio-Proteomie, 102-PA50S, 1:200), goat anti-mouse IgG–AF647 (Invitrogen, A21235, 1:500), donkey anti-goat IgG–AF647 (Invitrogen, A21447, 1:500), goat anti-rabbit IgG–AF555 (Invitrogen, A21428, 1:500). Subsequently, the transparent optic nerves with optic nerve sheaths were imaged using a Leica confocal microscope (Stellaris 8). Three-dimensional rendering was completed using Imaris 8 software (Oxford Instruments).
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4

Visualizing Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

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The 5 × 104 isolated PMNs were seeded on poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) in tissue-culture wells and allowed to settle before stimulation, as described earlier. Coverslips were rinsed with ice-cold HBSS and the cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and blocked overnight (HBSS with 10% goat serum, 1% BSA, 0.1% Tween20, and 2 mM EDTA) at 4°C. NETs were detected with rabbit anti-NE (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit anti-MPO (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), two different rabbit anti-PAD 4 (Abcam), mouse anti-PAD4 (Abcam), mouse anti-histone H1 + core proteins (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), and rabbit anti-citrullinated histone H3 (citH3, Abcam). Secondary antibodies were goat anti-rabbit IgG AF555, goat anti-rabbit IgG AF488 (Invitrogen Life Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA), and goat anti-mouse IgG AF647. DNA was stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich), and NETs were visualized by using a Zeiss Axioplan 2 Imaging fluorescence microscope in conjunction with a Zeiss AxioCam MRm monochromatic CCD camera and analyzed with Axiovision 4.8.2 software (Carl Zeiss). A minimum of 20 fields (at least 1,000 PMNs) per case was evaluated for MPO/NE and DNA co-staining; nuclear phenotypes and NETs were counted and expressed as percentage of the total number of cells in the fields.
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5

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cardiomyocytes

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Cardiomyocytes were fixed with pre-chilled methanol for 10 minutes, then washed twice using PBST (0.1% tween-20 in 1×PBS) with 5 minutes intervals. Cells were blocked for 1 hour at room temperature with blocking buffer (5% BSA in PBST) and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. The primary antibodies were: Detyrosinated α-tubulin (Abcam, ab48389, used at 1:200), α-tubulin (CST, 3873S, used at 1:200), MARK4 (Abcam, ab124267, used at 1:200), APC anti-mouse CD45 (BioLegend, 103112, used at 1:200) and rabbit IgG isotype control (Novus Biologicals, NB810-56910, used at 1:2000). The cells were then washed with PBST and incubated with secondary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature. The secondary antibodies were: AF488 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (Invitrogen, A21206, used at 1:200), AF647 goat anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen, A21236, used at 1:200), AF647 goat anti-rat IgG (Invitrogen, A21247, used at 1:200). DAPI (Sigma, 10236276001, used at 1:1000) was used. Confocal images were obtained by Leica SP5 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, collected by LAS AF software (2.7.3.9723), and analyzed by ImageJ (v2.0) analyze tools.
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6

Quantification of Heparan Sulfate and C3c in Cells

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Cells were washed and fixed with paraformaldehyde 4%, then labeled with anti-HS (10E4, Amsbio, 370255, 5 μg/ml; 16 hours, 4 °C) and anti-C3c-fluorescein isothiocyanate (Dako, F020102-2, 12 μg/ml; 1 hour, RT). Anti-HS was revealed by AF488 goat anti-mouse IgM (Invitrogen, A10680, 2 μg/ml) or AF555 goat anti-mouse IgM (Thermo Fisher, A28180, 2 μg/ml; 2 hours, 4 °C). After cells' exposure to anti-thrombin III (AT III; Abcam, AB62542, 10 μg/ml; 2 hours, RT), 19 19. AT III was stained with anti-AT III (Invitrogen, MA534940, 5 μg/ml; overnight, 4 °C) and revealed by AF647 goat anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen, A-21235, 2 μg/ml; 1 hour, RT). Nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (Sigma, D9542, 2 μg/ml). The whole slides were scanned with a Zeiss Axioscan Z1 (20×/numerical aperture, 0.8), and percentage area of staining, normalized to nuclei number and expressed in μm 2 of positive areas, was quantified using ImageJ software (NIH, version 1.52, 2018). Illustrative photomicrographs were performed with confocal microscopes (Spinning Disk, Zeiss Axio Observer Z1-Yokogawa CSU-X1, and ZEISS CLSM 710).
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cardiomyocytes

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Cardiomyocytes were fixed with pre-chilled methanol for 10 minutes, then washed twice using PBST (0.1% tween-20 in 1×PBS) with 5 minutes intervals. Cells were blocked for 1 hour at room temperature with blocking buffer (5% BSA in PBST) and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. The primary antibodies were: Detyrosinated α-tubulin (Abcam, ab48389, used at 1:200), α-tubulin (CST, 3873S, used at 1:200), MARK4 (Abcam, ab124267, used at 1:200), APC anti-mouse CD45 (BioLegend, 103112, used at 1:200) and rabbit IgG isotype control (Novus Biologicals, NB810-56910, used at 1:2000). The cells were then washed with PBST and incubated with secondary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature. The secondary antibodies were: AF488 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (Invitrogen, A21206, used at 1:200), AF647 goat anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen, A21236, used at 1:200), AF647 goat anti-rat IgG (Invitrogen, A21247, used at 1:200). DAPI (Sigma, 10236276001, used at 1:1000) was used. Confocal images were obtained by Leica SP5 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, collected by LAS AF software (2.7.3.9723), and analyzed by ImageJ (v2.0) analyze tools.
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