Arabinose ara

Instant shredded kelp was provided by Sichuan Jixiangju Food Co., Ltd. (Sichuan, China). Dried L. japonica was obtained from Fujian Yida Food Co., Ltd. (Fujian, China). Alg was purchased from Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd. Its molecular weight was determined as 1,311 kDa according to the reported method (15 (link)). GF was prepared from L. japonica according to our previous method and its monosaccharide composition was fucose (Fuc): xylose (Xyl): galactose (Gal): glucose (Glc): galacturonic acid (GalA): manmose (Man) = 9.8: 1.0: 16.4: 1.8: 6.0: 12.7 as reported by us previously (15 (link)), and the average molecular weight of GF was determined as 627 kDa. Peptone and yeast extract were purchased from Oxoid (Thermo Co., Ltd, Massachusetts, USA). Monosaccharide standards, such as rhamnose (Rha), Xyl, Gal, GalA, Glc, glucuronic acid (GlcA), Man, arabinose (Ara), and Fuc were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The ingredients of bacterial media were purchased from Qingdao Hope Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. All other chemical reagents with analytical grades used in this study were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Yam bulbils were purchased from Jianguo Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Jiaozuo, Henan, China). Commercially available large plant Rhodiola capsules (LPRC), employed as the positive control group (PG), were purchased from Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). Assay kits for evaluating biological indicators (blood lactic acid, BLA; malondialdehyde, MDA; blood urea nitrogen, BUN; hepatic glycogen; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Institute (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). Standard sugars (rhamnose, Rha; glucose, Glu; mannose, Man; galactose, Gal; arabinose, Ara; and xylose, Xyl), were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Other reagents were of analytical grade.