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5 protocols using p enos

1

Western Blot Analysis of Akt and eNOS

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Equal amounts of proteins (40 μg total protein or 80 μg nuclear protein per lane) were loaded onto a 12.5% gradient 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride (Tris–HCl) sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel and then transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. Nonspecific binding to the membrane was blocked for 1 h at room temperature with 5% nonfat milk in 1 × TBS, followed by incubation with primary antibodies against total Akt (rabbit monoclonal 1 :1000; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), p-Akt (Ser473, rabbit monoclonal 1:2,000; Cell Signaling Technology), total eNOS (rabbit monoclonal 1:1000; 1:250 dilution, Cell Signaling, USA), and p-eNOS (Ser1179, 1:250 dilution, Invitrogen, USA) overnight at 4 °C. After washing with TBST three times, membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit or goat secondary antibody (1:10,000 dilution; Kang Chen Biotechnology, Guangzhou, China) for 1 h at room temperature, followed by three washes for 10 min each. Blots were developed using enhanced chemiluminescent reagents (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and target band density was scanned using an LAS-3000 detection system. Image J software was used to analyze band intensities.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of EPC Proteins

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The protein of EPCs were extracted with cell lysis buffer (Applygen Technologies Company, Beijing) supplemented with protease inhibitor tablet (Thermo Scientific). Protein lysates were electrophoresed through SDS-PAGE gels and transferred onto PVDF membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h and incubated with primary antibodies against beta actin (1 : 1000, EarthOx, San Francisco, CA, USA), PI3 kinase p110a (1 : 1000, CST, USA), Akt (1 : 5000, CST, USA), p-Akt (1 : 500, CST, USA), and p-eNOS (1 : 1000, Invitrogen, USA). Blots were developed with ECL solution (Amersham, Sweden).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Signaling

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Western blot analysis was performed as previously described8 (link). In brief, total protein samples extracted from untreated and treated tissues or cells were prepared using RIPA buffer containing a protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Branford, CT, USA) and a phosphatase inhibitor and were subjected to SDS PAGE (90μg protein per sample). The membranes were then incubated with the following primary antibodies: p-IRS-1 (Cell Signaling Inc. (CST), Danvers, MA, USA,1:800), eNOS (CST,1:1,000), p-eNOS (Thermo Fisher,1:800), IRS-1 (CST,1:1,000), p-AKT (CST,1:1000), AKT (CST,1:1000), p-PI3K (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA,1:500), PI3K(Abcam1:1000),GAPDH (CST, 1:1,500), anti-LC3 (1:200, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), Beclin1 (1:200, Sigma-Aldrich), GLUT4 (1:3,000, Thermo Fisher), p-JAK2 and JAK2(CST,1:1000).
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4

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Endothelial Markers

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Immunofluorescence staining was performed according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Primary antibodies and corresponding dilutions were as follows: NF-200 (1:200, CST, 2836S), S100β (1:200, Abcam, ab52642), CD31 (1:200, Abcam, ab182981), CD34 (1:200, Abcam, ab81289), VEGFR (1:200, Abcam, ab2349), AKT (1:100, Abcam, ab179463), p-AKT (1:100, Abcam, ab192623), eNOS (1:100, ThermoFisher, PA1-037), p-eNOS (1:200, ThermoFisher, PA1-037). Secondary antibodies and corresponding dilutions were as follows: FITC-labeled goat anti-rabbit (1:200, Goodbio, GB22303), CY3-labeled goat anti-mouse (1:300, Goodbio, GB21301), CY3-labeled goat anti-rabbit (1:300, Goodbio, GB21303), AlexaFluor®488-labeled goat anti-rabbit (1:400, Servicebio, GB25303). Nuclei were labeled with 4′6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole-dihydrochloride (DAPI, Servicebio, G1012). Fluorescence images were acquired with fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan). Fluorescence intensity was analyzed with ImageJ software.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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The western blot analysis was performed using a previously reported protocol (Guo et al., 2020 (link)). Cells or tissues were disrupted in a RIPA buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. After protein quantification with a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) kit, proteins were separated using 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Gels were electroblotted onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Non-specific binding was blocked using 5% BSA for 1 h at room temperature. Then the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight and probed with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 90 min at room temperature. Enhanced chemiluminescence was used to amplify the protein signals. The density of immunoreactive proteins was assessed by using the ImageJ software. The following primary antibodies were used: PLCγ1 (Cell Signaling Technology; 5,690; 1:1000), p-PLCγ1 (Tyr783; Cell Signaling Technology; 14,008; 1:1000), eNOS (Cell Signaling Technology; 32,027; 1:1000), p-eNOS (Ser1179; ThermoFisher Scientific; PA5-105824; 1:1000), AKT (Cell Signaling Technology; 9,272; 1:1000), p-AKT (Ser473; Cell Signaling Technology; 4,060; 1:2000), GAPDH (Affinity; AF7021; 1:5,000).
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