For SEM analysis, all samples were air dried and coated with gold using a gold sputter coater (Emitech SC7620, UK) at 25 mA for 1 min, to form a coating of approximately 15–20 nm thickness [15 (link)]. The PCL scaffolds with different surface modifications were imaged using SEM at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV (Zeiss EVO MA10 SEM).
Sc7620
Manufactured by Quorum Technologies
Sourced in United Kingdom, Germany, United States
The SC7620 is a high-performance sputter coater designed for the deposition of thin films onto a wide range of substrates. The system features a compact and user-friendly design, making it suitable for a variety of applications in materials science, nanotechnology, and surface analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
S 4800, by Hitachi (5 mentions)
X act eds detector, by Oxford Instruments (3 mentions)
Quanta 250, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Jcm 6000, by JEOL (3 mentions)
Jsm it200, by JEOL (3 mentions)
Evo ma10, by Zeiss (3 mentions)
Jsm 6510 lv sem microscope, by JEOL (3 mentions)
Supra 55vp, by Zeiss (3 mentions)
Scanning electron microscopy, by Philips (2 mentions)
Evo ma10 sem, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Evo 18, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
E3100, by Quorum Technologies (2 mentions)
Geminisem 300, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Quanta 450, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Tm3000, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Cpd300, by Leica camera (2 mentions)
Eva ma 10, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Ht7700, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Tm3030, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
151 protocols using sc7620
1
SEM Imaging of Surface-Modified PCL Scaffolds
2
Native Mass Spectrometry of Purified Proteins
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For native MS experiments, purified protein constructs were buffer exchanged using Bio-Spin P-6 columns (Bio-Rad) into 0.5 M ammonium acetate. Samples were analysed on the first-generation Synapt mass spectrometer (Waters). Samples were introduced into the mass spectrometer by direct injection method using in house prepared capillaries (borosilicate glass, 1.0 mm × 0.78 mm, Harvard apparatus) created using a needle-puller (P97, Sutter Instruments) and coated with gold using a sputter-coater (SC7620, Emitech) as described previously61 (link). The Synapt instrument was externally calibrated using a 30 mg/mL solution of caesium iodide. Acquisition parameters were as following: capillary voltage 1.2 kV, cone voltage 40 V, extraction cone voltage 1 V, trap/transfer collision energy 6/4 V, bias voltage 4 V and source temperature 40 °C. Mass spectra were analysed using MassLynx software v4.1 (Waters).
3
Evaluating Dentinal Tubule Occlusion with SEM
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The degree of dentinal tubule occlusion was evaluated with the help of an SEM (TM3000 Tabletop Microscope, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were sputter coated with gold using a gold/palladium mini sputter coater (Emitech SC7620, UK) and examined at an operating voltage of 5 kV. The SEM images were captured at ×2000.
Dentin specimens were evaluated after each of the following situations:
Dentin specimens were evaluated after each of the following situations:
After etching with phosphoric acid – To confirm that the dentinal tubules are in an open unoccluded state [Figures
After application of test agent – To evaluate the degree of dentinal tubule occlusion [Figures
After acid challenge – To evaluate the resistance of the treated specimens (occluded tubules) to acid challenge [Figures
4
Fibrin Scaffold Freeze-Drying and SEM Analysis
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The scaffold was washed with PBS and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde at room temperature. After rinsing the scaffold with PBS and then with double deionized water (DDI), the fibrin scaffold was immersed in liquid nitrogen and kept in a freezer dryer (Super Modulyo, Edwards) [19 (link)]. The samples were coated with gold for 180 s by a sputter coater (SC7620, Emitech, UK) and observed under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM, AIS2100, Seron technology, South Korea) at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. The diameter of the fibers was calculated from SEM images by image analysis software (Image J, NIH, USA).
5
Fabrication and Characterization of PCL/HA Nanocomposites
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Afterward, PCL/DMF solution (12% W/V) was prepared at 60 °C; simultaneously, the HA suspension was prepared in DMF in various concentrations of HA. Then it was added to the PCL solution dropwise and stirred at 60 °C for 6 h. Then PCL/HA solution was dried for 72 h at room temperature and maintained in the desiccator. Table 1 demonstrates the detail of weights in composite preparation.
Weight of PCL, HA, and their solvents for preparation of different composites
| Composite | PCL (gr) | HA (gr) | PCL solvent (ml) | HA solvent (ml) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL95%HA5% | 3 | 0.158 | 25 | 3.16 |
| PCL90%HA10% | 3 | 0.33 | 25 | 3.3 |
| PCL85%HA15% | 3 | 0.529 | 25 | 3.52 |
| PCL80%HA20% | 3 | 0.75 | 25 | 3.75 |
6
Scaffold Microstructure and Cell Adhesion Evaluation
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Scanning Electron Microscopy (Philips Company, Netherlands) was used to observe the cross-section and over-view of scaffolds. Moreover, the formation of secondary HA crystals and cell adhesion on the scaffolds were observed using SEM. Before the observation by SEM, the specimens were coated with gold by the coating device (Quorum technology, Emitech, SC7620, England).
7
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Pretreated OPEFB
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The changes of surface structure of untreated and pretreated of OPEFB were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (a NanoSEM-FEI Nova 200, type Inspect-S50, Hillsboro, Oregon< USA). Lignocellulosic rice straw SSF sample were dried and cut (approximately 1 cm length and 1 mm of thickness). The samples were then affixed to a carbon tip and placed on a coating tool (sputter coating) for vacuum and coating process (using mini sputter coater EMITECH type SC7620, Laughton, East Sussex, UK). The vacuum process was then carried out for 30 min or until the pressure was between 4 and 6 Pa and followed by a coating process for 3 min which is marked by emergence of a purple coloration. The sample was then ready to be tested using SEM.
8
Candida albicans Biofilm Microscopy Protocol
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The
C. albicans strain biofilm was grown on disks. After
24 h of growth, disks were washed with PBS, and compounds8b and 8c were added to their respective disks in well
microplates and were incubated for 48 h at 35 °C. After incubation,
the disks with covering biofilms were washed with PBS and fixed for
a minimum of 3 h in 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde (100 mM phosphate buffer
solution, pH 7.2), followed by 1% (w/v) osmium tetraoxide for 1 h.
Dehydration of the agar blocks was carried out via a graded series
of ethanol (30, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, and 100%; each level was applied
twice for 15 min each time) and ethanol/isoamyl acetate (3:1, 1:1,
1:3, and 100% isoamyl acetate twice for 30 min). A critical-point
dryer (Sc7620, Emitech, England) was used with liquid CO2 to dry the agar blocks, and a gold-coater was applied to coat the
agar blocks for 5 min. The coated samples were visualized with an
accelerating voltage of 9 kV.45 (link) These data
are presented inFigure 4 .
C. albicans strain biofilm was grown on disks. After
24 h of growth, disks were washed with PBS, and compounds
microplates and were incubated for 48 h at 35 °C. After incubation,
the disks with covering biofilms were washed with PBS and fixed for
a minimum of 3 h in 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde (100 mM phosphate buffer
solution, pH 7.2), followed by 1% (w/v) osmium tetraoxide for 1 h.
Dehydration of the agar blocks was carried out via a graded series
of ethanol (30, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, and 100%; each level was applied
twice for 15 min each time) and ethanol/isoamyl acetate (3:1, 1:1,
1:3, and 100% isoamyl acetate twice for 30 min). A critical-point
dryer (Sc7620, Emitech, England) was used with liquid CO2 to dry the agar blocks, and a gold-coater was applied to coat the
agar blocks for 5 min. The coated samples were visualized with an
accelerating voltage of 9 kV.45 (link) These data
are presented in
9
Characterizing Hollow Fiber Membrane Morphology
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The cross sectional and morphology of the hollow fiber membrane were carefully examined by scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan, S3400N). Prior to analysis, the hollow fiber membranes were cryogenically cracked using liquid nitrogen in order to obtain a clear morphology of the membrane without defect. The samples were then coated with a layer of gold using sputter coating machine (Emitech, East Sussex, UK, SC7620) to improve the surface conductivity [21 (link)]. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer was used to analyze the elements present on the membrane outer surface. The element that can be used to confirm the existence of the coating layer were silicon (Si) for PDMS coating and nitrogen (N) for PEBAX coating. For each membrane sample, the membrane characterization was repeated five times to yield the average results with standard deviation.
10
Salmonella Morphology Under mAb Scrutiny
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The effect of mAb on live Salmonella cells’ morphology was observed by a scanning electron microscope (FEI, model no.: Quanta 200) analysis. Briefly, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 was grown overnight in BHI broth. Bacterial cells were washed in filter-sterilized PBS and adjusted the cell count to 106 CFU/ml. Hundred microliters of cells were mixed with 50 μg of mAb and incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. Bacterial cells without mAb addition were used as controls. Monoclonal antibody treated and untreated bacterial cells were fixed on conducting dual side carbon tape and coated with gold using a sputter coater (Emitech, model no.: SC7620) and dried out in CO2 chamber. The changes in surface morphological structure of bacterial cells were captured in an environmental mode under SEM at a magnification of × 10,000.
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