Thymoquinone tq

Antibodies against the following proteins were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (USA): phosphorylated (p‐) AMPKα (Thr172) (used in experiments at 1:1,000 dilution), total AMPKα (at 1:1,000 dilution), p‐ACC (Ser79) (at 1:1,000 dilution), total ACC (at 1:1,000 dilution), p‐ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) (at 1:2,000 dilution), total ERK1/2 (at 1:2,000 dilution), p‐p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) (at 1:1,000 dilution), total p38 (at 1:1,000 dilution), p‐JNK1/2 (Thr183/Tyr185) (at 1:1,000 dilution), total JNK1/2(at 1:1,000 dilution), p‐mTOR (Ser2448) (at 1:1,000 dilution), total mTOR (at 1:1,000 dilution), p‐p70S6K (Thr389) (at 1:1,000 dilution), total p70S6K (at 1:1,000 dilution) and HRP‐linked secondary antibody (at 1:3,000 dilution). The antibody against GAPDH (at 1:3,000 dilution) was purchased from Abclonal. In addition, the following reagents were used: thymoquinone (TQ; Sigma‐Aldrich), phenylephrine (PE; Tokyo Chemical Industry) and compound C (CpC; Selleck).

Mouse ovarian cancer cells stably expressing a NF-κB reporter plasmid, ID8-NGL [10 (link)], were cultured in 10 % FBS-supplemented DMEM High-Glucose medium with 400 μg/ml G418, and passaged by standard techniques. Cultured ID8-NGL cells were treated with increasing concentrations of the NF-κB inhibitor, thymoquinone (TQ; Sigma Chemical Co., Cat# 274666).

Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid, pectin, MnCl₂, methanol, toluene, chloroform, ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, ampicillin, ofloxacin, dimethyl sulfoxide, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), sodium acetate, glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, TPTZ (2,4,6-tri[2-pyridyl]-s-triazine), ferrous sulphate, ferric chloride, nitro blue tetrazolium, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), riboflavin, hydrogen peroxide, methionine, dipotassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, and thymol (THY) were purchased from HIMEDIA; thymoquinone (TQ) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Thymoquinone (TQ) and diethylene glycol were obtained from Sigma (Pool, UK). The terephthaloyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and L-arginine were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). The ethyl acetate, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), toluene, acetone, and acetonitrile were obtained from Alpha Chemika (Maharashtra, India). Glycerin was obtained from Labchem (Zelienople, PA, USA). Potassium hydroxide (KOH) pellets were obtained from Riedel-de Haën (Seelze, Germany). Methyl alcohol, diethyl ether, Tween-80, and HPLC-grade water were purchased from Tedia High Purity Solvents (Fairfield, CT, USA).

Thymoquinone (TQ) and streptozocin (STZ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, United States).

Microcystin- (MC-) LR, thymoquinone (TQ), and piperine (PP) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). All kits used for biochemical and oxidant/antioxidant markers analyses were purchased from the Laboratory Biodiagnostics Company (Cairo, Egypt) except the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme kit (Randox Laboratories Ltd., UK). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were obtained from Glory Science Co. Ltd. (Del Rio, TX, USA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was purchased from BioSource International Inc. (Camarillo, CA, USA) to assess the inflammatory responses.