Male sd rats

Male SD rats (300 ± 10 g), male C57BL/6 mice (25 ± 1 g), and male Wistar rats (180 ± 10 g) were purchased from Samtako Inc. (Osan, Korea). Animals were housed in a facility with constant humidity (60 ± 10%), temperature (23 ± 1 °C), and a 12-h light/dark cycle (lights on at 7 am). Food and water were available ad libitum throughout the study. Animals were acclimatised to laboratory conditions for at least 1 week before undergoing surgery. Analgesics, such as opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, were not administered during the postoperative phase because they may interfere with the assessment of the neuroprotective therapies^{83 (link)}. All experimental procedures were performed according to the Principles of Laboratory Animal Care (National Institutes of Health publication, #85–23, revised in 1985). The experimental protocols were approved the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Korea Institute of Science and Technology for Eastern Medicine (approval no. KISTEM-IACUC-2017-004).

All animal studies were performed in accordance with the “Guidelines in Use of Animal” established by the Chungnam National University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Daejeon, Korea). This study was approved by the Chungnam National University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (No. CNU-01104). Male SD rats (8 weeks old; Samtako Biokorea, Gyeong-gi, Korea), 280–300 g, were used for the pharmacokinetic study. For the PK study, two groups of cannulated rats were administered a single 1 mg/kg intravenous dose and a single 5 mg/kg oral dose of SCH 58261. Blood samples were collected at 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 min following drug administration in the intravenous group (n = 3). Blood samples were collected 5, 30, 90 and 240 min for oral doses (n = 2). After centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min, plasma was transferred to Eppendorf tubes and stored at −20 °C until analysis. After sample preparation, the PK samples were analyzed by LC–MS/MS.
Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained on each individual set of data using the Phoenix WinNonlin^™ software (version 8.0; Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA) by non-compartmental analysis (NCA).