R warfarin

The R-warfarin (≥ 97% pure), L-tryptophan (≥ 98%), HSA (fatty acid free, ≥ 96%), sodium nitrate, nateglinide (≥ 98%), sodium azide (>95%), and D-(+)-glucose (99.5%) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Repaglinide (≥ 99.5%) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech (Dallas, TX, USA). The Nucleosil Si-300 silica (300 Å pore size; 7 μm particle size) was obtained from Macherey-Nagel (Duren, Germany). A fructosamine assay kit was purchased from Diazyme Laboratories (Poway, CA, USA). Reagents for the micro bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay were from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). Purified water from a Milli-Q-Advantage A 10 system (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to make all aqueous mobile phases and solutions for this work. In addition, GNWP nylon membranes (0.20 μm) purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) were used for the filtration of all aqueous solutions and mobile phases.

The glycogen (from bovine liver, type IX; total glucose ≥ 85%; catalog no. G0885), AGP (from pooled human serum, lyophilized; ≥ 99% pure; catalog no. G9885), carbamazepine, R-propranolol, S-propranolol, and R-warfarin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The Nucleosil Si-300 silica (particle size, 7 μm; pore size, 300 Å) was from Macherey-Nagel (Düren, Germany). All buffers and aqueous solutions were prepared using water from a Nanopure system (Barnstead, Dubuque, IA, USA) and were filtered using 0.20 μm nylon filters from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA).

The R-warfarin (≥ 97% pure), L-tryptophan (≥ 98%), HSA (product A1887, from human serum, essentially fatty acid free, ≥ 96%), and D-(+)-glucose (99.5%) and were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The chlorpropamide (≥ 99%) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). The Nucleosil Si-300 (pore size, 300 Å; particle size, 7 μm) was acquired from Macherey-Nagel (Duren, Germany). The fructosamine assay was carried out using a kit from Diazyme Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA). The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay reagents were acquired from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). Water that had been purified by a Milli-Q-Advantage A 10 system (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to make all the aqueous solutions and mobile phases that were utilized in this research. These solutions were filtered by passing them through 0.20 μm GNWP nylon membranes from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA).