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P xylene bis pyridinium bromide dpx

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States

P-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) is a chemical compound used as a mounting medium for microscopy samples. It is a water-soluble, synthetic resin that helps preserve and clear biological samples, enabling effective visualization under a microscope.

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10 protocols using p xylene bis pyridinium bromide dpx

1

Lipid and Protein Extraction from Porcine Brain

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SM from porcine brain, DOPC and DHPC were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). The soluble lipid dehydroepiandrosterone was obtained from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). The disodium salt of 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ANTS) and p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Bovine serum albumin and detergent LDAO were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). DDM was obtained from Dojindo (Tokyo, Japan). Triton X-100 was purchased from Anatrace (Maumee, OH, USA). Wide-range molecular weight marker was from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). PK was purchased from Boehringer Ingelheim (Ingelheim, Germany). Reagents for the crystallization of proteins were obtained from Hampton Research (Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) or Molecular Dimensions (Newmarket, UK). Other chemicals were from Wako (Tokyo, Japan).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of CSFV p7 Peptides

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The CSFV p7 protein and its derived peptides (sequences displayed in Fig. 1) were commercially synthesized (Thermo Scientific). The purified peptides were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; spectroscopy grade), and their concentrations were determined by bicinchoninic acid microassay (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Small, diluted aliquots were stored frozen upon use. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and cholesterol (Chol) were purchased from Avanti-Polar Lipids (Birmingham, AL). The 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid sodium salt (ANTS) and p-xylenebis(pyridinium)bromide (DPX) were obtained from Molecular Probes (Junction City, OR, USA).

CSFV p7 sequence and derived peptides. Top: Direct translation of pestivirus ssRNA genome gives rise to a single, large polyprotein, which is processed into individual viral proteins (Top panel). Bottom: CSFV p7 sequence includes two main hydrophobic regions (gray and red blocks, respectively) intervened by sections with propensity for establishing turns in membrane (black, thick lines). The panel displays in schematic representation the sequences covered by the peptides used in this study.

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3

Fluorescent Lipids in Membrane Studies

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All lipids including fluorescent probes were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). The only exceptions were 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD), aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ANTS), and p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX), which were from Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Cholesterol, MβCD, and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). 1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-N-(polyethylene glycol-triethoxysilane) (DPS) and the HIV-FP with the sequence AVGIGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASGGGKKKKK were custom synthesized by Shearwater Polymers (Huntsville, AL) and by the Yale W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (New Haven, CT), respectively.
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4

Synthesis and Labeling of Lipids

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15N-labelled amino acids were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA) and were Fmoc-protected using Fmoc-Cl as described previously [33 (link)]. The lipids 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), were purchased from NOF Europe (Grobbendonk, Belgium). The fluorescent lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) (Rhod-PE) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids. The fluorescent probes 8-amino-naphtalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid sodium salt (ANTS) and p-xylene-bis(pyridinium)bromide (DPX) were obtained from Invitrogen-Molecular Probes (Karlsruhe, Germany).
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5

Fluorescent Lipids in Membrane Studies

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All lipids including fluorescent probes were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). The only exceptions were 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD), aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ANTS), and p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX), which were from Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Cholesterol, MβCD, and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). 1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-N-(polyethylene glycol-triethoxysilane) (DPS) and the HIV-FP with the sequence AVGIGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASGGGKKKKK were custom synthesized by Shearwater Polymers (Huntsville, AL) and by the Yale W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (New Haven, CT), respectively.
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6

Lipid Composition and Fluorescent Probes

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All lipids were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD), aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ANTS) and p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) were from Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Cholesterol, lanosterol, cholestenone and coprostanol were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO). 1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-N-(polyethylene glycol-triethoxysilane (DPS) and the HIV-FP with the sequence AVGIGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASGGGKKKKK were custom synthesized by Shearwater Polymers (Huntsville, AL) and by the Yale WM Keck Biomolecular Research Facility (New Haven, CT), respectively.
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7

Lipid Membrane Fusion Protocol

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Palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), palmitoyloleoylphosphatidyl-gycerol (POPG), palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylserine (POPS) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Bovine thrombin was from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). The CLY3 construct containing the fusion of enhanced cyan and enhanced yellow fluorescent proteins was provided by Addgene (Cambridge, MA)[16 (link)]. The mutations were introduced using Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene, Santa Clara, CA) according to manufacturer’s protocol. 8-aminonaphtalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, disodium salt (ANTS) and p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) were obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR).
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8

Lipid Membrane Interaction Assays

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POPE, POPG and palmitoyl-d31 oleoyl phosphatidyglycerol (POPG-d31) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) as powder and used without further purification. L18W-PGLa (GMASKAGAIAGKIAKVAWKAL-NH2), MG2a (GIGKFLHSAKKFGKAFVGEIMNS-NH2), and LF11-215 (FWRIRIRR-NH2) were obtained in lyophilized form (purity > 95%) from PolyPeptide Laboratories (San Diego, CA). ANTS (8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, disodium salt) and DPX (p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR) and HEPES (purity > 99.5%) from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). D2O was obtained from Euroisotop (Saarbrücken, Germany), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβCD), Triton X-100 and all other chemicals (pro analysis quality) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria).
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9

Lipid Membrane Characterization Protocol

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The phospholipids 1 palmitoyl-2 oleoyl-sn glycero-3 (phosphor-race-(1 glycerol)) (POPG, PG), 1 palmitoyl-2 oleoyl-sn glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine (POPE, PE), and polar E. coli lipid extract were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Sodium chloride, chloroform, and methanol were obtained from Carl Roth (Graz, Austria) and 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1 ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES, ≥99.5%) was from Sigma–Aldrich (Vienna, Austria). Unless otherwise indicated, all solutions were prepared in HEPES buffer pH 7.4, containing 10 mM HEPES and 140 mM NaCl or NaPi buffer containing 20 mM NaPi (Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4, 140 mM NaCl, pH = 7.4. ANTS (8-amino naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, disodium salt) and DPX (p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide) were from (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) and propidium iodide (PI)was from (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Vienna, Austria).
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10

Liposome Preparation and Characterization

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POPE, POPG, and TOCL were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) as powder (purity >99%), and freeze-dried LF11-215 and LF11-324 (purity >95%) were obtained from PolyPeptide Laboratories (San Diego, CA). ANTS (8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, disodium salt) and DPX (p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria). HEPES (purity >99.5%) and LB-agar and LB-medium (Luria/Miller) powders were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). All other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria) in pro analysis quality.
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