P xylene bis pyridinium bromide dpx

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States

P-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) is a chemical compound used as a mounting medium for microscopy samples. It is a water-soluble, synthetic resin that helps preserve and clear biological samples, enabling effective visualization under a microscope.

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Lab products found in correlation

1 1 dioctadecyl 3 3 3 3 tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate did aminonaphthalene 1 3 6 trisulfonic acid ants, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Cholesterol, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ants 8 aminonaphthalene 1 3 6 trisulfonic acid disodium salt, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) 4 chloro 7 nitrobenzofurazan nbd cl, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hepes, by Carl Roth (2 mentions) Wide range molecular weight marker, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions) Triton x 100, by Anatrace (1 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cholesterol chol, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) 15n labelled amino acids, by Cambridge Isotopes (1 mentions) 8 amino naphtalene 1 3 6 trisulfonic acid sodium salt ants, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 1 2 dioleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine n lissamine rhodamine b sulfonyl rhod pe, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) Lanosterol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cholestenone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Coprostanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bovine thrombin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) Palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylserine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) Methyl β cyclodextrin mβcd, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Triton x 100, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

10 protocols using p xylene bis pyridinium bromide dpx

Lipid and Protein Extraction from Porcine Brain

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SM from porcine brain, DOPC and DHPC were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). The soluble lipid dehydroepiandrosterone was obtained from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). The disodium salt of 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ANTS) and p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Bovine serum albumin and detergent LDAO were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). DDM was obtained from Dojindo (Tokyo, Japan). Triton X-100 was purchased from Anatrace (Maumee, OH, USA). Wide-range molecular weight marker was from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). PK was purchased from Boehringer Ingelheim (Ingelheim, Germany). Reagents for the crystallization of proteins were obtained from Hampton Research (Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) or Molecular Dimensions (Newmarket, UK). Other chemicals were from Wako (Tokyo, Japan).

Tanaka K., Caaveiro J.M., Morante K., González-Mañas J.M, & Tsumoto K. (2015). Structural basis for self-assembly of a cytolytic pore lined by protein and lipid. Nature Communications, 6, 6337.

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Synthesis and Characterization of CSFV p7 Peptides

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The CSFV p7 protein and its derived peptides (sequences displayed in Fig. 1) were commercially synthesized (Thermo Scientific). The purified peptides were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; spectroscopy grade), and their concentrations were determined by bicinchoninic acid microassay (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Small, diluted aliquots were stored frozen upon use. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and cholesterol (Chol) were purchased from Avanti-Polar Lipids (Birmingham, AL). The 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid sodium salt (ANTS) and p-xylenebis(pyridinium)bromide (DPX) were obtained from Molecular Probes (Junction City, OR, USA).Fig. 1

CSFV p7 sequence and derived peptides. Top: Direct translation of pestivirus ssRNA genome gives rise to a single, large polyprotein, which is processed into individual viral proteins (Top panel). Bottom: CSFV p7 sequence includes two main hydrophobic regions (gray and red blocks, respectively) intervened by sections with propensity for establishing turns in membrane (black, thick lines). The panel displays in schematic representation the sequences covered by the peptides used in this study.

Largo E., Verdiá-Báguena C., Aguilella V.M., Nieva J.L, & Alcaraz A. (2015). Ion channel activity of the CSFV p7 viroporin in surrogates of the ER lipid bilayer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Biomembranes, 1858(1), 30-37.

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Fluorescent Lipids in Membrane Studies

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All lipids including fluorescent probes were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). The only exceptions were 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD), aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ANTS), and p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX), which were from Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Cholesterol, MβCD, and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). 1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-N-(polyethylene glycol-triethoxysilane) (DPS) and the HIV-FP with the sequence AVGIGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASGGGKKKKK were custom synthesized by Shearwater Polymers (Huntsville, AL) and by the Yale W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (New Haven, CT), respectively.

Yang S.T., Kiessling V., Simmons J.A., White J.M, & Tamm L.K. (2015). HIV gp41-Mediated Membrane Fusion Occurs at Edges of Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Domains. Nature chemical biology, 11(6), 424-431.

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Synthesis and Labeling of Lipids

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¹⁵N-labelled amino acids were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA) and were Fmoc-protected using Fmoc-Cl as described previously [33 (link)]. The lipids 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), were purchased from NOF Europe (Grobbendonk, Belgium). The fluorescent lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) (Rhod-PE) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids. The fluorescent probes 8-amino-naphtalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid sodium salt (ANTS) and p-xylene-bis(pyridinium)bromide (DPX) were obtained from Invitrogen-Molecular Probes (Karlsruhe, Germany).

Wadhwani P., Sekaran S., Strandberg E., Bürck J., Chugh A, & Ulrich A.S. (2021). Membrane Interactions of Latarcins: Antimicrobial Peptides from Spider Venom. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), 10156.

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Fluorescent Lipids in Membrane Studies

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Yang S.T., Kiessling V., Simmons J.A., White J.M, & Tamm L.K. (2015). HIV gp41-Mediated Membrane Fusion Occurs at Edges of Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Domains. Nature chemical biology, 11(6), 424-431.

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Lipid Composition and Fluorescent Probes

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All lipids were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD), aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ANTS) and p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) were from Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Cholesterol, lanosterol, cholestenone and coprostanol were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO). 1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-N-(polyethylene glycol-triethoxysilane (DPS) and the HIV-FP with the sequence AVGIGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASGGGKKKKK were custom synthesized by Shearwater Polymers (Huntsville, AL) and by the Yale WM Keck Biomolecular Research Facility (New Haven, CT), respectively.

Yang S.T., Kiessling V, & Tamm L.K. (2016). Line tension at lipid phase boundaries as driving force for HIV fusion peptide-mediated fusion. Nature Communications, 7, 11401.

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Lipid Membrane Fusion Protocol

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Palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), palmitoyloleoylphosphatidyl-gycerol (POPG), palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylserine (POPS) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Bovine thrombin was from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). The CLY3 construct containing the fusion of enhanced cyan and enhanced yellow fluorescent proteins was provided by Addgene (Cambridge, MA)[16 (link)]. The mutations were introduced using Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene, Santa Clara, CA) according to manufacturer’s protocol. 8-aminonaphtalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, disodium salt (ANTS) and p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) were obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR).

Rodnin M.V, & Ladokhin A.S. (2014). Membrane translocation assay based on proteolytic cleavage: Application to diphtheria toxin T domain. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1848(1 0 0), 35-40.

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Lipid Membrane Interaction Assays

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POPE, POPG and palmitoyl-d31 oleoyl phosphatidyglycerol (POPG-d31) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) as powder and used without further purification. L18W-PGLa (GMASKAGAIAGKIAKVAWKAL-NH₂), MG2a (GIGKFLHSAKKFGKAFVGEIMNS-NH₂), and LF11-215 (FWRIRIRR-NH₂) were obtained in lyophilized form (purity > 95%) from PolyPeptide Laboratories (San Diego, CA). ANTS (8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, disodium salt) and DPX (p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR) and HEPES (purity > 99.5%) from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). D₂O was obtained from Euroisotop (Saarbrücken, Germany), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβCD), Triton X-100 and all other chemicals (pro analysis quality) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria).

Marx L., Frewein M.P., Semeraro E.F., Rechberger G.N., Lohner K., Porcar L, & Pabst G. (2021). Antimicrobial peptide activity in asymmetric bacterial membrane mimics. Faraday Discussions, 232, 435-447.

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Lipid Membrane Characterization Protocol

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The phospholipids 1 palmitoyl-2 oleoyl-sn glycero-3 (phosphor-race-(1 glycerol)) (POPG, PG), 1 palmitoyl-2 oleoyl-sn glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine (POPE, PE), and polar E. coli lipid extract were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Sodium chloride, chloroform, and methanol were obtained from Carl Roth (Graz, Austria) and 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1 ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES, ≥99.5%) was from Sigma–Aldrich (Vienna, Austria). Unless otherwise indicated, all solutions were prepared in HEPES buffer pH 7.4, containing 10 mM HEPES and 140 mM NaCl or NaPi buffer containing 20 mM NaPi (Na₂HPO₄/NaH₂PO₄, 140 mM NaCl, pH = 7.4. ANTS (8-amino naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, disodium salt) and DPX (p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide) were from (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) and propidium iodide (PI)was from (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Vienna, Austria).

Vejzovic D., Piller P., Cordfunke R.A., Drijfhout J.W., Eisenberg T., Lohner K, & Malanovic N. (2022). Where Electrostatics Matter: Bacterial Surface Neutralization and Membrane Disruption by Antimicrobial Peptides SAAP-148 and OP-145. Biomolecules, 12(9), 1252.

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Liposome Preparation and Characterization

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POPE, POPG, and TOCL were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) as powder (purity >99%), and freeze-dried LF11-215 and LF11-324 (purity >95%) were obtained from PolyPeptide Laboratories (San Diego, CA). ANTS (8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, disodium salt) and DPX (p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria). HEPES (purity >99.5%) and LB-agar and LB-medium (Luria/Miller) powders were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). All other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria) in pro analysis quality.

Marx L., Semeraro E.F., Mandl J., Kremser J., Frewein M.P., Malanovic N., Lohner K, & Pabst G. (2021). Bridging the Antimicrobial Activity of Two Lactoferricin Derivatives in E. coli and Lipid-Only Membranes. Frontiers in Medical Technology, 3, 625975.

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