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Cleaved parp d214

Manufactured by Cell Signaling Technology
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Cleaved PARP (D214) is an antibody that detects the cleaved form of PARP (Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase), a protein involved in DNA repair. This antibody specifically recognizes the aspartic acid 214 (D214) cleavage site of PARP, which is a marker of apoptosis (programmed cell death).

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7 protocols using cleaved parp d214

1

DNA Damage and Repair Pathway Analysis

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Antibodies used were to γ-H2AX (Ser139, JBW301 #05–636), p-HH3 (Ser10, 3H10, #05–806) from EMD Millipore; to p-HH3 (Ser10, D2C8, #3377), p21 Waf1/Cip1 (12D1, #2947), cleaved PARP (D214, #9541), and β-Actin-HRP (13E5, #5125) from Cell Signaling Technology; to P53BP1 (E-10, #sc-515841) and p53 (DO-1, #sc-126) from Santa Cruz, and to nucleolin (# 396400) from Life Technologies/Thermo Fisher. PE-conjugated Anti-Cleaved PARP antibody (Asp214 #51–9007684) was from BD Pharmingen. Antibody to IdU/BrdU (B44, #347580) was from BD Pharmingen and to CldU/BrdU (BU1/75 (ICR1), #OBT0030) from Bio-Rad / AbD Serotec.
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2

Comprehensive Protein Expression Analysis

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The antibodies used and commercial sources are as follows: cyclin B1, CHK1, EGFR, AKT, pAKTS473, JAK2, pJAK2Y1007/1008, STAT3, pSTAT3Y705, c-Myc, Met. IGF-1 R, cleaved PARPD214, cleaved caspase-3D175, cleaved caspase-7D198, cleaved caspase-9D330, Src, pSrc Y418, PI3K (p110β), Erk, pErk T202/Y204, S6, pS6S235/236 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA); CDK1, Ki-67 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA); and pCDK1(Thr14/Tyr15), β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); p-EGFRY1173 (Life Technologies (Invitrogen)). The drugs, ganetespib, dasatinib, alisertib, everolimus, and cisplatin, were purchased from Selleck Chemicals Inc. (Houston, TX, USA). The siRNAs siGL2 (targeting firefly luciferase GL2), siEGFR1, and siEGFR2 (targeting human EGFR) were synthesized by Shanghai GenePharma Co. (Shanghai, China) and transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA). The siRNAs used are as follows: siGL2, (F) 5′- UCGAAGUAUUCCGCGUACG-3′ and (R) 5′-CGUACGCGGAAUACUUCGA-3′ siEGFR1, (F) 5′- GGAGAUAAGUGAUGGAGAUTT-3′ and (R) 5′- AUCUCCAUCACUUAUCUCCTT-3′ siEGFR2, (F) 5′-CCCAGAAGGUGAGAAAGUUTT-3′ and (R) 5′- AACUUUCUCACCUUCUGGGTT-3′.
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3

Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting Assay

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Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer [50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8), 150 mM NaCl, 1% (v/v) NP40, 0.5% (v/v) Na-deoxycholate, 0.1% (v/v) SDS] with 1 tablet/10 ml Complete Mini EDTA-free protease inhibitors (Roche). SDS-PAGE and immunoblots were performed using standard protocols.
Antibodies against the indicated proteins were used as follows – HIF2α (PA1-16510, Thermo Scientific), Cezanne (custom antibody, Eurogentec), β-actin (3700, Cell Signaling), PHD3 (A300-327A, Bethyl Labs), BNIP3 (ab10433, Abcam), Glut-1 (53519, Anaspec), p52 (05-361, Merck Millipore), E2F1 (3742, Cell Signaling), SP1 (07-645, Upstate-Millipore), cyclin D1 (DCS6, Cell Signaling), cyclin E (HE12, Cell Signaling), cyclin A (C-19, Santa Cruz), GFP (2956, Cell Signaling), cleaved PARP (D214) (9541, Cell Signaling), c-Myc (9E10, Sigma), phosphorylated Chk1 at S345 (2341, Cell Signaling).
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4

Cytosolic and Total Cell Protein Extraction

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Cytosolic protein extracts were obtained by re-suspending the cell pellet in 250 mM sucrose, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl2 and total cell extracts were obtained in RIPA buffer. Both were supplemented with cOmplete Mini Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche Applied Science), followed by 20 strokes with a Dounce homogenizer and centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min for cytosolic extracts or 14000 rpm for 30 min for total cell extracts. Western blot was performed in a NuPAGE SDS-PAGE (LifeTechnologies) system for the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti-AIF and mouse anti-RIP (1:2000 to 1:200, from BD Biosciences), cleaved PARP D-214 (Cell Signaling), mouse anti-cytochrome c (1:200) (clone 7H8.2C12, Abcam) and MFN1 (H-65) and MFN2 (H-68, Sta. Cruz Technologies). β-actin antibody coupled to peroxidase (1:5000, Sta. Cruz Technologies ) was used as a loading control.
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5

Immunoblot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Lysates were prepared and electrophoresed on gels as described previously (32 ). Membranes were probed with primary antibodies following each of the supplier’s recommendations: AKT (#4685), pAKT (S473) (#4060), ATG5 (#2630), caspase-3 (#9662), Cleaved PARP (D214) (#9541), p-eIF2α (S51) (#3398), ERK1/2 (#9102), pERK1/2 (T202/Y204) (#9101), GCN2 (#3302), LC3B (#2775), PRAS40 (#2610), pPRAS40 (T246) (#2997), and p62 (#5114) from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA), and p21 (sc-756), p27 (sc-528), Cyclin D1 (sc-718), α enolase (sc-7455), VDAC1 (sc-8828), and ERK2 (sc-1647) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). The P5CS primary antibody, ALDH18A1 (NBP1-83324), was purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA) and pGCN2 (T899) (ab75836) from Abcam. eIF2α and eIF2Bε antibodies were kind gifts from Dr. Scot Kimball. Secondary antibodies goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (sc-2004), goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP (sc-2005), and donkey anti-goat IgG-HRP (sc-2020) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. The immunoblots were developed using ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Scientific) or Supersignal West Femto Chemiluminescent Substrate (Thermo Scientific).
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6

Autophagy Signaling Pathway Assay

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Antibodies to Akt, phospho-Akt (Ser473), phospho-Akt (Thr308), beclin-1, phospho-Beclin-1 (Ser15), phospho-PI3Kinase p85(Tyr458)/p55 (Tyr199), phospho-4E-BP1 (Thr37/46), p70S6K, phospho-p70S6K(Thr389), LC3B, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved PARP (D214) and anti-rabbit IgG HRP-linked antibody were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Mouse monoclonal β-Actin antibody and crude fucoidan from F. vesiculosus were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modification of Eagle’s Medium) with 4.5 g/L glucose, L-glutamine and sodium pyruvate, trypsin-EDTA, penicillin-streptomycin-amphotericin B solution (50X), fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and PBS with Tween 20 (PBST) were purchased from Life Technologies (Waltham, MA, USA).
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7

Investigating p53-mediated apoptosis in cell lines

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We plated cells at 2 × 106 per 10cm dish. After 24 hours, cells were treated with DMSO control and different dose of PRIMA-1met as indicated. After 24 hours, cells were lysed and analyzed by western blotting as described previously [28 (link)]. Primary antibodies used in this study were against p53 (sc-126, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Actin (sc-1616, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), cleaved PARP (D214), Phospho-p53 (Ser15) and PUMA from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA), Noxa (EMD chemicals, Gibbstown, NJ). Secondary antibodies were goat-anti-rabbit IgG HRP (sc-2030, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and goat-anti-mouse IgG HRP (sc-2031, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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