Saccharolactone

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Macao

Saccharolactone is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and quantification of reducing sugars in various samples. It is a colorimetric reagent that undergoes a chemical reaction with reducing sugars, producing a colored product that can be measured spectrophotometrically. The core function of Saccharolactone is to provide a reliable and accurate method for the analysis of carbohydrates in research, food, and industrial applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Adenosine 3 phosphate 5 phosphosulfate paps, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Udpga, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Alamethicin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Nadph, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Mgcl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Formononetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) β actin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Curcumin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Resveratrol, by LGC (1 mentions) Arp44234 t100, by Aviva Systems Biology (1 mentions) Rankl 462 tec, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Ammonium acetate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Reduced glutathione, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Nadph, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Acs grade methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Alamethicin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Ticlopidine, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)

6 protocols using saccharolactone

Mouse Liver S9 Stability Assay

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Mouse S9 stability experiments were conducted utilizing a solution containing Tris buffer (50 mM ,pH 7.4), mouse S9 fraction (1 mg/mL, XenoTech, LLC, Lenexa, KS, USA), magnesium chloride (20 mM), NADPH (2 mM), uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (2 mM), Adenosine 3′-Phosphate 5′-Phosphosulfate (PAPS, Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (0.1 mM) and saccharolactone (Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (5 mM). The reaction mixture (final volume 1.0 mL) was pre-incubated at 37 °C for 10 min in a water bath maintaining 60 rpm. The reaction was initiated upon addition of 2 μM final concentration of MO-OH-Nap (2 μL from 1 mM stock). Samples (100 μL) were collected at different time intervals (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45 60 and 90 min) and quenched with 300 μL of methanol: acetonitrile (1:1). Testosterone, 7-HC and diclofenac were used as positive controls. Supernatants (10 μL) were then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The S9 fraction is a supernatant obtained from mouse liver homogenate by centrifuging at 9000g.

Haney S.L., Varney M.L., Safranek H.R., Chhonker Y.S., G-Dayanandan N., Talmon G., Murry D.J., Wiemer A.J., Wright D.L, & Holstein S.A. (2018). Tropolone-Induced Effects on the Unfolded Protein Response Pathway and Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells Are Dependent on Iron. Leukemia research, 77, 17-27.

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Raloxifene Metabolism Quantification

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Raloxifene hydrochloride (Ral), raloxifene-6-O-glucuronide (Ral-6-G), and raloxifene-4′-O-glucuronide (Ral-4′-G) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada, all compounds purity ≥99%). MgCl₂, saccharolactone, alamethicin, formononetin, and UDPGA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), water, methanol, and acetonitrile are LC-MS grade and purchased from EMD (Gibbstown, NJ, USA). The primary polyclonal antibodies against Ugt1a and β-actin was purchased from (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., MA). The polyvinylidene fluoride membranes were obtained from Millipore Corporation (MA, USA).

Du T., Sun R., Etim I., Zheng Z., Liang D., Hu M, & Gao S. (2021). Age-and Region-Dependent Disposition of Raloxifene in Rats. Pharmaceutical research, 38(8), 1357-1367.

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Quantifying Curcumin and Polyphenol Metabolites

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Curcumin (#218580100, Fisher; 97% by weight, with assayed composition 80.6% Curcumin, 13.5% demethoxyCurcumin, and 2.4% bisdemethoxyCurcumin) and Curcumin-glucuronide were purchased, with content/purity verified using LC/MS (see method below)^{[21 (link)]}. Resveratrol (#R150000), Resveratrol-3-glucuronide (#R150015), quercetin dihydrate (#Q509500), quercetin −d₃ (major) (#Q509502), and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (#Q509510) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals. Stock solutions were prepared in DMSO. Primary antibodies recognizing GUSB (#ARP44234_T100, Aviva Systems Biology) and β-actin (#4968, Cell Signaling Technologies [CST]) were used in Western analyses. Saccharolactone (#S0375), and 4-methylumbelliferyl-glucuronide (4-MUG; #M9130) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, and recombinant mouse receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL, 462-TEC) from R&D Systems.

Kunihiro A.G., Luis P.B., Frye J.B., Chew W., Chow H.H., Schneider C, & Funk J.L. (2020). Bone-specific metabolism of dietary polyphenols in resorptive bone diseases. Molecular nutrition & food research, 64(14), e2000072.

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Enzymatic Stability Evaluation of VSW1198

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S9 fraction stability experiments were conducted utilizing a solution containing Tris buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4), mouseS9 fraction (1 mg/mL), magnesium chloride (20 mM), NADPH (2 mM), uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (2mM), Adenosine 3′-Phosphate 5′-Phosphosulfate (PAPS, Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (0.1 mM), and saccharolactone (Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (5 mM). The final volume of 1.0 mL was pre-incubated at 37 °C for 10 min in a water bath maintaining 60 rpm. The reaction was started by adding 2 μM final concentration of VSW1198 (2 μL from 1 mM stock). Samples (100 μL) were collected at different time intervals (0, 5, 15, 30, 45–60 and 120 min) and quenched with 100 μL of methanol. A control experiment was conducted without NADPH to reveal any chemical instability or non-cofactor dependent enzymatic degradation. All the samples were processed as our plasma sample processing method and supernatant (10 μL) was injected for LC-MS/MS analysis. A compound with known metabolism was used as a positive control. The in vitro metabolic elimination rate constant was determined from the first order plot of natural logarithm of area ratio versus time.

Haney S.L., Chhonker Y.S., Varney M.L., Talmon G., Murry D.J, & Holstein S.A. (2018). Preclinical Investigation of a Potent Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Inhibitor. Investigational new drugs, 36(5), 810-818.

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Integrated ADME Characterization Protocol

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Optima HPLC grade methanol, Optima HPLC grade water, Optima HPLC grade acetonitrile, American Chemical Society (ACS) grade acetone, ACS grade methanol, ACS grade pentane, hydrochloric acid, ammonium acetate, dipotassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were purchased from Fisher Chemical (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA); NADPH, 1-aminobenzotriazole, methimazole, 1-naphthol and hydroxyacetone from Acros Organics (Morris Plain, NJ, USA); UDPGA, saccharolactone and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); bupropion, benzydamine and alamethicin from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA); oxcarbazepine from European Pharmacopoeia Reference Standard (Strasbourg, France); ticlopidine from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan); hydroxybupropion from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, Texas, USA); deuterated acetone (acetone-d₆) from Cambridge Isotope Labs (Cambridge, MA, USA); hydrogen peroxide (50%) from Univar (Redmond, WA, USA); HLM, rat liver microsomes (RLM), DLM and human lung microsomes (HLungM) from Sekisui XenoTech (Kansas City, KS, USA); human recombinant CYP (rCYP) bactosomes expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) from Cypex (Dundee, Scotland); human recombinant flavin monooxygenase (rFMO) supersomes and human recombinant UGT (rUGT) supersomes expressed in insect cells from Corning (Woburn, MA, USA).

Gonsalves M.D., Colizza K., Smith J.L, & Oxley J.C. (2020). In vitro and in vivo studies of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) metabolism in humans. Forensic Toxicology, 39(1), 59-72.

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Celecoxib Metabolism in Rat Liver

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Celecoxib was purchased from LC Laboratory (Woburn, MA). Uridine-5’-diphosphate-glucuronic acid (UDPGA), alamethicin, β-glucuronidase, saccharolactone, magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃), lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄), ammonium acetate (NH₄Ac), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), potassium phosphate dibasic (K₂HPO₄) and formic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Acetonitrile, methanol, ethyl acetate and water (MS grade) were purchased from EMD (Gibbstown, NJ, USA). Ora-Plus® suspension vehicle was obtained from Professional Compounding Centers of America (Houston, TX). All other materials were used as received. Rat liver microsomes were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats as previously described [40 (link)].

Ma Y., Gao S, & Hu M. (2015). Quantitation of celecoxib and four of its metabolites in rat blood by UPLC-MS/MS clarifies their blood distribution patterns and provides more accurate pharmacokinetics profiles. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 1001, 202-211.

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