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6 protocols using nicl2

1

Mica Surface Pretreatment for Biophysical Studies

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Mica substrates (Ted Pella, Inc., Redding, CA, USA) were pretreated with NiCl2 (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany), PLL hydrobromide (molecular weight 1000–5000, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany), and Spdn (Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher (Kandel) GmbH, Kandel, Germany), respectively.

NiCl2 pretreatment: 10 mM NiCl2 aqueous solution was deposited onto a freshly cleaved mica surface and incubated for 1 h. An incubation time of 1 h was chosen based on our previous work [45 (link)]. It should be noted, however, that equivalent results as reported here were also obtained with shorter incubation times, i.e., 1 min to 30 min. The mica substrate was then rinsed with HPLC-grade water to remove excess NiCl2.

PLL pretreatment: PLL was dissolved in HPLC-grade water to yield a 0.1% w/v PLL solution. The PLL solution was deposited onto a freshly cleaved mica surface and incubated for 1 h. An incubation time of 1 h was chosen based on literature to ensure maximum surface coverage [64 (link)]. The mica substrate was then rinsed with HPLC-grade water to remove excess PLL.

Spdn pretreatment: Spdn was dissolved in HPLC-grade water to yield a 5 mg/mL Spdn solution and then deposited onto a freshly cleaved mica surface. After incubation for 5 min the mica substrate was rinsed with HPLC-grade water. An incubation time of 5 min was chosen based on literature [58 (link)].

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2

Synthesis of Luminescent Nanoparticles

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Ir(acac)3 (97%), Pt(acac)2 (97%), YCl3 (99.99%), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (> 98%), trioctylphosphine oxide (90%), and oleylamine (98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NiCl2 (98%) was purchased from Alfa-Aesar. All reagents were used as received without further purification.
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3

Synthesis of Transition Metal Thiophosphates

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Transition metal thiophosphates were synthesized using sealed Pyrex glass ampoules (I.D. ~9 mm, O.D. ~13 mm). The starting reactants and their respective purities are the following: FeCl3 (Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA USA, 98%), CoCl2 (Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA USA, 99.7%), NiCl2 (Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA USA, 99%), CuCl2 (Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA USA, 98%), red phosphorus (P, Aldrich, 99%), sulfur (S, Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA USA, 99.5%), P2S5 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO USA, 99%), 0.5 M H2SO4 (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA USA, 95–98%, 18 M diluted with 18 MΩ ultra-pure water), and 10% Pt on Vulcan XC-72 carbon (C1–10 fuel cell grade, E-Tek).
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4

Metal-Dependent Nuclease Activity Assay

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Inorganic salts including MgCl2, MnCl2, CaCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2, NiCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, and Mg(NO3)2 were from Thermo Fisher Scientific with a minimum purity of 99.99%. Mn(NO3)2 with 98% purity was from Sigma-Aldrich. Stock solutions (100 mM) were prepared by dissolving inorganic salts in nuclease-free water. Unless otherwise stated, metal-dependent nuclease activity was measured in the presence of 10 mM divalent metal ion or 10 mM EDTA. For metal ion concentration-dependent assay, increasing concentrations of metal ions (from 0.2 to 10 mM) were incubated with either 2 nM circular M13mp18 ssDNA or 4 nM circular pUC19 dsDNA in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+ for 30 min at 37°C. Reactions were terminated by adding 1 μL of Proteinase K. For kinetic study, reactions were quenched at different time points and were run on 1% agarose gel. Error bars are presented as mean ± SEM.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene-Aniline Composites

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Aniline (ANI) was obtained from ACROS Organics™ and was purified before use. Analytical-grade graphene (Production code: ANT-GNPs-160101, bulk density of 0.015 g mL−1, diameter of 10–20 μm, thickness <5 nm, C content ≥99%) were purchased from Applied Nano Technology Joint Stock Company (ANTECH, Vietnam). CuCl2·2H2O (99%) and NiCl2 (98%) were obtained from Acros Organics. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98%), methanol (MeOH, 99.9%), ethanol (EtOH, 99%), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), acetone, sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 99%) were supplied by Fisher, Scientific. Electrochemical experiments were on Gamry Interface 1010T system, using a FTO working electrode (resistance of 8 Ωm cm−1, thickness of 2.2 mm, Dyesol, Australia), with a platinum sheet as the counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl in 3.5 M KCl electrode as the reference. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were collected with Bruker LUMOS II; field-emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopic images were analyzed using JEOL JSM-6480LV and Multipurpose 200 kV JEM 2100 JEOL respectively; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) was obtained with Hitachi SU-8010; Raman spectrometer was collected using Jobin Yvon Labram 300; X-ray diffractometer was done with D8 Advance Eco, Bruker.
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6

Trace Metal Isotope Analysis Protocol

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Anhydrous CuCl2 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), HAuCl4 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), HgCl2 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), AgF (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), FeCl3 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), NiCl2 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), CoCl2 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), NaMoO4 (Sigma-Aldrich), and KCl (Sigma-Aldrich) were stored in a desiccator under Ar2. H218O was obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (Andover, MA, USA), and 18,18O2 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Ar2, 16,16O2, and chemically pure (CP)-grade CH4 were obtained from Airgas USA LLC. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and other reagents/chemicals were purchased from Fisher Scientific and used without additional purification. Dianion HP-20 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich LLC.
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