Ced 1401 laboratory interface

Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right FDI and ADM muscles using a pair of Ag-AgCl surface electrodes in a belly-tendon montage. The ground electrode was placed above the styloid process of the right ulna. The EMG signal was amplified (1,000×) and band-pass filtered (bandwidth 20–2,000 Hz) with a Digitimer D360 amplifier (Digitimer Ltd, UK), digitized at a sampling rate of 5 kHz (CED 1401 laboratory interface; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK) and fed into a laboratory computer for storage and off-line analysis. Data were analyzed using SIGNAL software V5.08 (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK).

We recorded the EMG activity from the OO muscles of both sides using a pair of surface electrodes per side, with the active electrode on the lower eyelid and the reference electrode 3 cm away on the lateral canthus (Figure 1) [34 (link),35 (link)]. A square electrode (32 × 32 mm) was positioned on the forehead as a ground electrode. The EMG raw signals were amplified and bandpass-filtered (20 Hz–3 kHz) by a Digitimer D360 amplifier (Digitimer Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, Herts, UK), that digitized at a sampling rate of 5 kHz (CED 1401 laboratory interface; Cambridge Electronic Design, UK), and was stored on a laboratory computer for online visual display. The data were analyzed offline with dedicated software (Signal software; Cambridge Electronic Design) [16 (link),36 (link)].

Patients and controls were seated in a “comfortable reclining chair and surface EMG was recorded from the right or left first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle using disposable disc electrodes with a belly-tendon montage. EMG was filtered by Neurolog System supplied by Digitimer with a time constant of 3 ms, and a high pass filter set a 3 kHz.” Single or paired pulses were given to the right or left M1 using a standard figure-of-eight coil connected with a single (for single-pulse TMS) or two (for paired-pulse TMS) high-power Magstim 200 stimulators. “Signals were collected via a CED 1401 laboratory interface (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK) and fed to a personal computer for offline analysis” (12 (link)).