Amoxycillin clavulanate

The susceptibility of bacterial isolates against different antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method [modified Kirby-Bauer method] on Mueller Hinton agar (Hi-Media, India) following standard procedures recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Wayne, USA [16 ]. Antibiotics that were tested in our study include Ampicillin (AMP 25 μg), Amoxycillin clavulanate (AMC20/10 μg), Aztreonam (30 μg) Gentamycin (GEN10μg), Ciprofloxacin (CIP5μg), Levofloxacin (LEV5μg) trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole/cotrimoxazole (COT30μg), Cephalexin (CN30 μg), Cefixime (CFM5μg), Ceftriaxone (CTR30μg), Ceftazidime (CAZ30μg), Piperacillin tazobactam (PIT 100/10 μg), Imipenem (IMP 10 μg), Meropenem (MRP 10 μg) Tigecycline (TGC30μg), and Colistin sulphate (CT10μg) (HiMedia Laboratories, India). Interpretations of antibiotic susceptibility results were made according to the zone size interpretative standards of CLSI [16 ]. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was used as a control organism for antibiotic susceptibility testing.

The susceptibility of bacterial isolates against recommended antibiotics was tested by the modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar (HiMedia, India) following guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Wayne, USA [9 ]. Antibiotics that were tested in our study include amoxycillin clavulanate (amc 20/10 μg), ampicillin (amp 10 μg), amikacin (ak 30 μg), ceftazidime (caz 30 μg), ceftazolin (30 μg), cefuroxime (cfm 30 μg), ciprofloxacin (cip 5 μg), cloxacillin (cox 30 μg), cotrimoxazole (cot 25 μg), fosfomycin (fo 200 μg), gentamicin (gen 10 μg), imipenem (imp 10 μg), meropenem (mrp 10 μg), nitrofurantion (300 μg), piperacillin-tazobactam (pit 100/10 μg), teteracycline (te 30 μg), and vancomycin (VAN 30 μg) (HiMedia Laboratories, India). Further, elucidations of antibiotic susceptibility results were made conferring to the zone size interpretative standards of CLSI [9 ]. MDR isolates, resistant to at least one antimicrobial from three different groups of first-line drugs, tested were identified according to the combined guidelines of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [10 (link)]. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Pseusdomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) were used as a control organism for antibiotic susceptibility testing.