Allopurinol ap

Allopurinol (AP) was purchased by Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA). Precirol® ATO 5 (glyceryl distearate) was provided by Gattefossè (Saint-Priest, France). Myglyol^® 812 (caprylic/capric triglyceride) was purchased from Acofarma (Terrassa, Spain). Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Ultrapure water was provided by reverse osmosis in a MILLI-Q System Elix^® 3 from Millipore^®. All other reagents were of analytical grade, and were used without further purification.

Potassium oxonate (PO) and allopurinol (AP) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Radio immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) kits, and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay were sourced from Shanghai Beyotime Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). ELISA detection kits, including IL-1β, and IL-6, were constructed from Multi Sciences Biotech Company (Hangzhou, China). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), n-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), and Creatinine (Cr) assay kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). SLC2A9 (Cat No. 26486-1-AP), URAT1 (Cat No. 14937-1-AP), and XOD (Cat No. 55156-1-AP) were purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA). The ABCG2 (Catalog: AF5177) were sourced from Affinity (Cincinnati, OH, USA). ASC (Catalog: A1170) and NLRP3 (Catalog: A5652) were constructed by ABclonal (Wuhan, China). Caspase-1 (Catalog: GB11383) was provided by Wuhan Service Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). All other reagents used in this experiment were of analytical grade.