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6 protocols using ab58552

1

Quantification of Acetylcholine and Signaling Proteins

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The levels of acetylcholine (Ach) in serum were checked by ELISA using Acetylcholine ELISA Kit (OKEH02568; Aviva Systems Biology, San Diego, CA), following the manufacturer's manual. Protein levels of Aqp5, Cacna1c, Bdnf, and Nrg1 were detected by western blotting, following a standard protocol which is almost the same as indicated in our previous paper.11 Antibodies used are as follows: Aqp5 (ab78486; Abcam, Cambridge, MA), Cacna1c (ab58552; Abcam), Bdnf (NB100‐98683; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO), and Nrg1 (ab53104; Abcam), Chrna1 (MA3‐043; Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA), Gapdh (Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA).
Q‐PCR followed the standard protocol described before.11 Primers used are as follows:
Chrna1Forward: 5′TCATCATTCCCTGCCTGCTCTTCT3′
Reverse: 5′TCTCTGCAATGTACTTCACGCCCT3′
Aqp5Forward Primer: AGAAGGAGGTGTGTTCAGTTGC
Reverse Primer: GCCAGAGTAATGGCCGGAT
Cacna1cForward Primer: ATGAAAACACGAGGATGTACGTT
Reverse Primer: ACTGACGGTAGAGATGGTTGC
BdnfForward Primer: TCATACTTCGGTTGCATGAAGG
Reverse Primer: AGACCTCTCGAACCTGCCC
Nrg1Forward Primer: ATGGAGATTTATCCCCCAGACA
Reverse Primer: GTTGAGGCACCCTCTGAGAC
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Calcium Channels

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The right side of SN was digested by RIPA lysis buffer (50 mmol/L Tris-HCl; 150 mmol/L NaCl; 1% Nonidet; 0.5% deoxycholate; 1 mmol/L EDTA; and 1 mmol/L PMSF) with protease inhibitors (1 g/ml each of pepstatin, aprotinin and leupeptin) for 30 min. The protein concentration was determined by a BCA bicinchoninic acid kit. 30 μg of each protein sample was separated using 8% SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes with a diameter of 0.45 μm. The PVDF membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk at 4°C overnight. The membranes were incubated with primary antibodies (ab58552, ab85491, ab5694; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-mouse Cav1.2 antibody (1:200), mouse anti-mouse Cav1.3 antibody (1:500), rabbit anti-mouse β-actin antibody (1:15000) overnight at 4°C. After washed, the membranes were incubated with goat-anti rabbit and goat-anti mouse secondary antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (1:10000) at room temperature for 1 h. The antigen-antibody complexes were detected with enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) reagent and visualized by Imager (UVP Biospectrum 810, USA).
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3

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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Protein was isolated using RIPA buffer and ran in a 17-well Bolt™ 4–12% Bis-Tris Plus Gels containing 1X Bolt™ MOPS SDS Running Buffer. Precision Plus Protein™ Dual Color Standard was used as a protein ladder and gels run for 32 min at 200 V.
Gels were transferred using an iBlot™ 2 PVDF Transfer Stack in an iBlot 2 Dry Blotting System. Antibodies were 1:200 rabbit anti-CACNA1C (Abcam, ab58552), 1:10 000 rabbit anti-vinculin (Abcam, ab129002), 1:500 rabbit anti-RGS4 (Abcam, ab9964), 1:X rabbit anti-CACNB1 (Sigma, AV34953), 1:X rabbit anti-GNB1 (ThermoFisher Scientific, PA1-725), and 1:500 rabbit anti-GNG12 (ThermoFisher Scientific, PA5-75620). Anti-rabbit HRP secondary antibody (1:2000, Cell Signalling Technologies, 7074S) was used. Membranes were developed using Clarity™ Western ECL Blotting Substrates and imaged using a ChemiDoc imaging system. Images were analysed using ImageJ with vinculin as the loading control.
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4

Comprehensive Cardiac Protein Analysis

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The following primary antibodies were used: mouse monoclonal antibodies to α-actinin [Western blotting (WB), 1:2500; immunofluorescence (IF), 1:400; A7811, Sigma-Aldrich], actin (WB, 300 ng/ml; A2171, Sigma-Aldrich), myomesin [WB/IF, 1:10; mMaC, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB)], myosin (WB/IF, 1:10; MF20, DSHB), RyR2 (WB/IF, 1:1000; MA3-925, Thermo Fisher Scientific), SERCA2 (WB, 1:1000; IF, 1:100; MA3-919, Thermo Fisher Scientific), PLN [WB, 1:5000 (A010-14; Badrilla); WB, 2 μg/ml; IF, 1:200 (ab2865, Abcam)], titin (IF, 1:10; 9D10, DSHB), obscurin-NH2 (WB/IF, 1:10; tissue culture supernatant) (13 (link)), and Hax-1 (WB, 1:1000; clone 52; 610824, BD Biosciences); rabbit monoclonal antibody to HSP90 (WB, 1:1000; 4877, Cell Signaling); and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to dihydropyridine receptor (WB/IF, 1:200; ab58552, Abcam), junctophilin-2 (WB, 1 μg/ml; 40-5300, Invitrogen), titin-Z (IF, 2 μg/ml) (44 (link)), SERCA2 (IF, 1:100; Ab91032, Abcam), sAnk1.5 (WB, 300 ng/ml; IF, 3 μg/ml) (9 (link)), SERCA2-pSer38 (WB, 1:1000; IF, 100; A010-25AP, Badrilla), RyR2-pSer2808 (WB, 1:2000; IF, 1:100; ab59225, Abcam), RyR2-pSer2814 (WB, 1:1000; A010-31AP, Badrilla), PLN-pSer16 (WB, 1:5000; A010-12, Badrilla), PLN-pSer16 (IF, 1:200; 07-052, Millipore), obscurin-COOH (WB, 300 ng/ml) (9 (link)), and obscurin-Ig58/59 (IF, 3 μg/ml) (45 (link)).
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5

Modulation of CaMKII and CACNA1C in Neurological Disorders

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Primary antibodies against CaM (SAB4503194, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), CaMKII (4436, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), p-CaMKII (Thr286) (3361, Cell Signaling Technology), CACNA1C (ab58552, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), BDNF (AV41970, Sigma-Aldrich), and tubulin (M2005, Abmart, Arlington, MA, USA) were used at dilution ratios recommended in the instruction manual. The secondary antibody, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), was diluted at a dilution ratio of 1 : 2000.
The Shuyu capsules (clinical approval number 2011L06107), paeony extract (clinical approval number 20110527), and bupleurum extract (clinical approval number 20110526) used in the experiments were intragastrically administered to animals at doses of 0.41 g/kg/d, 0.32 g/kg/d, and 36 mg/kg/d, respectively, for 5 d. During modelling, all groups were given the drug once a day at 9:00 am at a dosage equivalent to 8 times the dosage administered to humans.
Paeoniflorin (Z110736) and nifedipine (N7634-1G) standards were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotech (Shanghai, China) and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively. All other chemicals were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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6

Cryopreserved Cardiac Tissue Imaging

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Samples were snap-frozen in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound (Sakura Finetek Europe B.V., Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands) and stored at −80°C until usage. Tissue sections of 100μm thickness were acquired with a cryotome (CM 1950, Leica AG, Wetzlar, Germany), immediately immersed in 1% paraformaldehyde for 15min and subsequently washed in PBS. RyRs were immunolabeled (MA3-916 and A-21121, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix stained with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA, ThermoFisher), and nuclei with DAPI as described previously.15 (link) To stain L-type Ca channels, we used the same protocol on non-fixed tissue slices and applied rabbit anti-CACNA1C (1:200, ab58552, abcam) as primary and goat anti-rabbit conjugated to AF488 (1:400, A27034, ThermoFisher) as secondary antibodies. Tissue slices were mounted on a glass slide, embedded in Fluoromount-G (#17984-25, Electron Microscopy Science, Hatfield, PA, USA) and then dried for at least 24h at room temperature and <40% relative humidity.
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