Cell treatments consisted of 24-hour exposures to their respective culture media plus various doses of Ag-NPs (up to 5 mg/mL) or Au-NPs (up to 50 mg/mL). Vendor supplied NP stock solutions (Ag-NP ¼ 1.8 mg/mL and Au-NP ¼ 1.0 mg/mL) and all other test articles including cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, Missouri), thimerosal (Sigma-Aldrich), Fluoro-Jade C (Histo-Chem Inc, Jefferson, Arkansas), and N-acetyl cysteine (Sigma-Aldrich) were sterilized via micro-filtration through a 0.2 mm diameter PVDF filter before being vortex-mixed with culture media. Conventional culture medium served as the negative control, whereas 50 mM cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich) and 100 mM thimerosal (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as positive controls.
Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate is a chemical compound with the formula Cd(NO3)2•4H2O. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Oleic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Cadmium acetate dihydrate, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
1 octadecene, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Zinc nitrate hexahydrate, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Sodium myristate, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Lead nitrate, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Myristic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Selenium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Trioctylphosphine, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Oleylamine, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Selenium powder, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Propionic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Selenium, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
N hexane, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
50 protocols using cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate
1
Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity Evaluation Protocol
2
Synthesis of Nitrate-Based Nanocomposites
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All chemicals were used as received without further purification and purchased from different commercial sources as follows: manganese nitrate tetrahydrate (Mn(NO3)2∙4H2O, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), ferric nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3∙9H2O, 98%, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99%, Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy), sodium nitrate (NaNO3, 99%, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2∙4H2O, 99%, Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy), cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd(NO3)2∙4H2O, 99%, Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy), lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (La(NO3)3∙6H2O, 98%, Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) 1,3 propanediol (1,3–PD, 99%, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), TEOS (99%, Merck), and ethanol (96%, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
3
Adsorption of Dyes and Heavy Metals
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In this study, all the reagents include methylene blue dye (≥ 82%), auramine O dye (≥ 80%), cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (99%), zinc acetate (≥ 99%), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (≥ 98%), hydrochloric acid (37%) and sodium hydroxide (≥ 97%) was obtained from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany). To conduct the experiments, the stock solution of 1000 mg L−1 was prepared individually from dyes and heavy metals; then the working solutions were prepared by diluting the stock solution. HCl (0.1 M) and NaOH (0.1 M) solutions were used to adjust the pH, and it was measured by a pH meter. In order to measure the concentration of dyes and metal ions in the experimental stages, UV–Vis spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used, respectively. An ultrasonic device equipped with a digital timer was used to disperse the adsorbent in the solvent. Also, a centrifuge was used to accelerate the settling of the adsorbent. The characterization of ZF-NPS was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques.
4
Heavy Metal Removal from Wool Fibers
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Chemical reagents of analytical grade were used as acquired, namely, ammonia 25% aqueous solution (NH4OH) from Chemical Company (Iasi, Romania), hydrogen peroxide 3%, solution (H2O2) from ChimReactiv (Bucharest, Romania), copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4∙5H2O), cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd(NO3)2∙4H2O) and lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) from Merck Chemical (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Stock aqueous solutions of copper sulphate pentahydrate, cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate and lead nitrate were prepared at concentrations of 1 g/L using bi-distilled water.
The raw wool of very coarse grade (fiber diameter, 66.0 ± 6.7 μm) was supplied by a regional sheep farm (Todiresti, Vaslui, Romania). After removing solid macroscopic impurities, the raw wool was washed several times in tap water tempered at 45 °C to remove the lanoline, followed by rinsing with distilled water. Then, the wool fibers were dried in a laboratory oven at 35 °C for 24 h and stored for further use.
The raw wool of very coarse grade (fiber diameter, 66.0 ± 6.7 μm) was supplied by a regional sheep farm (Todiresti, Vaslui, Romania). After removing solid macroscopic impurities, the raw wool was washed several times in tap water tempered at 45 °C to remove the lanoline, followed by rinsing with distilled water. Then, the wool fibers were dried in a laboratory oven at 35 °C for 24 h and stored for further use.
5
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Sensors
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Gold chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), glutathione (GSH), l -alanine, l -aspartic acid, l -histidine, l -phenylalanine, l -arginine, l -glutamic acid, l -cysteine, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), d -glucose and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Agarose was purchased from Himedia. Carbon coated transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids used for imaging were purchased from Ted Pella. Dialysis membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 0.5–1 kDa was purchased from Spectrum labs. Dialysis membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 7–10 kDa was purchased from Himedia. Salts used for sensing namely calcium carbonate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate, calcium chloride dihydrate, sodium chloride, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, sodium chlorate, cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, copper nitrate trihydrate, lead chloride, mercuric chloride, quinine sulphate dihydrate and sulphuric acid were purchased from Merck, India. All the chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without any further purification. Milli-Q water was used throughout the experiments.
6
Synthesis of Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanocrystals
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Cadmium propionate (anhydrous) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (99.9%). Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (99.9%), cadmium acetate dihydrate (98%), selenium (99.5%), myristic acid (98%), butyric acid (99%), propionic acid (99.5%), acetic anhydride (99%), sodium hydroxide (98.5%), 1-octadecene (90%), oleic acid (90%), iron(II) acetate (95%), and deuterated chloroform (99.8 atom% deuterium) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Hexane and methanol were purchased from Thommen-Furler AG, and absolute ethanol from Alcosuisse AG. Acetyl sulfide (>95.0%) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industries. 1-octadecene (ODE) was degassed under vacuum (0.02 mbar) for 20 h at 100 °C and stored under N2. All other chemicals were used as received.
7
Synthesis of Colloidal Quantum Dots
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Cadmium oxide (CdO, 99.98%), selenium (Se, 99.999%, 200 mesh) and methanol (99.9%, anhydrous) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Sulfur (S, 99.98%), tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate ([Cu(CH 3 CN) 4 ]PF 6 , 97%), toluene (99.8%, anhydrous), zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 , 99.999%), cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(OAc) 2 •2H 2 O, 98%), mercaptoacetic acid (MAA, 99%), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA, 99%), 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA, 95%), methanol (99.8%), n-hexane (99%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, 85%), chloroform (99.8%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), oleic acid (90%), cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (99%), sodium myristate (99%) and toluene (99.7%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP, 97%) and Tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO, 99%) were purchased from ABCR. Octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA, >99%) and hexylphosphonic acid (HPA, >99%) were purchased from PCI Synthesis. 1-Octadecene (ODE, 90%), oleylamine (OLAM, 80-90%) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanethiol hydrochloride (DMAET•HCl, 95%) were purchased from Acros Organics. Ethanol (99.8%) was purchased from Roth. Rhodamine 6G was purchased from Lambda Physik.
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Nanomaterials
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All the chemicals required in this study were directly of analytical grade and utilized with high purity. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), iron nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O), cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd(NO3)2·4H2O), magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O), ethylenediamine (EDA), disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH), thiourea (TU), hexaammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate ((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O), benzoquinone (BQ), methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), and methyl orange (MO) were gained from Sigma-Aldrich and Merck companies.
9
Synthesis of Colloidal Nanoparticles
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Chemicals 1-Octadecene (ODE, 90%), oleic acid (90%) and 1-octylamine (99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. 1-Octanethiol (OT, 98.5%), 1-octadecanethiol (ODT, 98%), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT, 98%), 1-hexadecanethiol (HDT, 95%), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 97%), tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (97%), cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd(NO 3 )•4H 2 O, 99%) and cadmium acetate dihydrate (98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Selenium powder (99.99%) was purchased from Strem. Na(myristate) (98%) was purchased from TCI.
All chemicals were used directly without purification.
All chemicals were used directly without purification.
10
Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals
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Sulfur (100%), oleylamine (OLA) (technical grade, 70%), cadmium oxide (99%), cadmium nitrate tetra hydrate (≥99%), oleic acid (OA), Rhodamine 6G and octadecene (ODE), selenium pellet (≥99.999%), trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO), trioctyl phosphine (TOP) (97%), hexane, zinc acetate dihydrate (98%), PEI, , Na2S, sodium hydroxide, Na2SO3, toluene, methanol, acetone, ethanol, and isopropanol (IPA) were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich Inc. Au (III) chloride solution 30 wt% in dilute HCl (HAuCl4) was purchased from Aldrich (Germany). Titania paste (code18NR‐AO) consisting of a blend of active anatase particles (20 nm in diameter) and larger anatase scattering particles (up to 450 nm in diameter) was supplied by Dyesol (Queanbeyan, Australia). FTO coated glass substrates with sheet resistance of 10 Ω square−1 were purchased from Pilkington glasses. All chemicals were used as received.
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