Tris 2 2 bipyridyl dichlororuthenium 2 hexahydrate ru bpy 3cl2 6h2o

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Tris(2,2-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)3Cl2·6H2O) is a metal-organic compound consisting of a ruthenium (II) center coordinated to three 2,2'-bipyridine ligands and two chloride ions. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents.

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8 protocols using tris 2 2 bipyridyl dichlororuthenium 2 hexahydrate ru bpy 3cl2 6h2o

Electrochemiluminescence Assay Protocol

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Potassium ferricyanide (K₃Fe(CN)₆), tripropylamine (TPrA), and tris(2,2’-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂·6H₂O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri). Potassium chloride was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, New Jersey). All chemicals were used as received. Deionized water (>18 MΩ·cm) obtained from a Barnstead Nanopure water purification system was used for all aqueous solutions. All solutions of Fe(CN)₆³⁻ were prepared in 1 M KCl. The ECL solution, which consisted of 5 mM Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ and 25 mM TPrA, was prepared in 0.1 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer.

Oja S.M, & Zhang B. (2015). Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Reporting on Closed Bipolar Microelectrodes and the Influence of Electrode Size. ChemElectroChem, 3(3), 457-464.

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Multiplex Biosensor for Cancer Biomarkers

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CA 15-3, anti-CA 15-3 antibody, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were from Beijing KEY-BIO Biotech. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium ferrocyanide (K₄[Fe(CN)₆]), potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and (3-glycidoxypropyl)methyldiethoxysilane (GPTMS) were from Aladdin Chemistry Co. Ltd. (China). Tris(2,2-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂·6H₂O) and hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride (Ru(NH₃)₆Cl₃) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ethanol (99.8%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 38%), and acetone were from Hangzhou Shuanglin Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 M, pH = 7.4) was obtained by mixing NaH₂PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄ in a certain ratio. All chemicals and reagents were used as received without any further purification. All the aqueous solutions used here were prepared using ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) from Milli-Q Systems (Millipore Inc., Massachusetts, America). Serum of healthy men was obtained from the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (Hangzhou, China) for real sample analysis.

Huang J., Zhang T., Zheng Y, & Liu J. (2023). Dual-Mode Sensing Platform for Cancer Antigen 15-3 Determination Based on a Silica Nanochannel Array Using Electrochemiluminescence and Electrochemistry. Biosensors, 13(3), 317.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Ru(bpy)3Cl2-Doped Silica Nanoparticles

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Tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium(ii) hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂·6H₂O, 99.95%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, ≥99.0%), N,N-dibutylethanolamine (DBAE, 99%) and ammonium hydroxide solution (28.0–30.0 wt%) are purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%) and catechol (Cat, 99%) are purchased from Aladdin. Hydrochloric acid (36.0–38.0 wt%), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate (Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O), sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O), ethanol (≥99.7%) and acetone (≥99.5%) are obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Ultrapure water (>18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹) is prepared by Millipore (Milford, MA, USA). ITO glass (square resistance < 17 Ω sq⁻¹) is obtained from Kaivo Electronic Components Co., Ltd.
The electrochemical workstation (CHI 660E) is from Shanghai CH Instrument Co., Ltd. Transmission electron microscope (TEM, TecnaiG2 F20) is conducted with a TecnaiG2-F20 transmission electron microscope. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, SU8010) is performed with a Hitachi-SU8010 scanning electron microscope. Ultra-thin copper grid is obtained from Beijing Zhongke Building Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.

Chen S., Lei Y., Xu J., Yang Y., Dong Y., Li Y., Yi H., Liao Y., Chen L, & Xiao Y. (2022). Simple, rapid, and visual electrochemiluminescence sensor for on-site catechol analysis. RSC Advances, 12(27), 17330-17336.

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Oxidation-Reduction Reaction Kinetics Study

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Commercially available analytical grade reagents were used without further purification: sodium bromate

{NaBrO}_{3}

(Alfa Aesar), malonic acid

{CH}_{2} {(COOH)}_{2}

(Alfa Aesar), Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) dichloro ruthenium(II) hexahydrate

{Ru (bpy)}_{3} {Cl}_{2} (6 H_{2} O)

(Sigma Aldrich) and sulfuric acid solution

{H_{2} SO}_{4}

(10 N/5 M, Fisher Chemical). Deionized water (12 Megaohm) was used to prepare the following stock solutions: 2 M

{NaBrO}_{3}

, 3.5 M

{CH}_{2} {(COOH)}_{2}

and 0.0125 M

{Ru (bpy)}_{3} {Cl}_{2} (6 H_{2} O)

Dueñas-Díez M, & Pérez-Mercader J. (2020). In-vitro reconfigurability of native chemical automata, the inclusiveness of their hierarchy and their thermodynamics. Scientific Reports, 10, 6814.

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Photopolymerization of Carboxymethylchitosan Hydrogels

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Citric acid (C₆H₈O₇, 99%), urea (OCN₂H₄, 99%), potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈, 99.99%), sodium phosphate monobasic dehydrate (NaH₂PO₄·2 H₂O, ≥99%), and tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)-dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate [Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂·6 H₂O, 97%] were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Mississauga, ON). Sodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄, anhydrous, ≥99%) was obtained from Caledon Laboratory Chemicals (Georgetown, ON). Potassium chloride (KCl, 99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). Carboxymethylchitosan [(C₁₀H₁₉NO₆)_n, 99%] was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., (Dallas, TX). Ultrapurewater (18.2 MΩ cm, Milli-Q, Millipore) was used to prepare solutions. All chemical reagents were used as received and stored at room temperature with exception of carboxymethylchitosan stored at 4°C.

Adsetts J.R., Zhang R., Yang L., Chu K., Wong J.M., Love D.A, & Ding Z. (2020). Efficient White Electrochemiluminescent Emission From Carbon Quantum Dot Films. Frontiers in Chemistry, 8, 580022.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Biomedical Devices

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Reagents and materials used
for fabrication and characterization of the devices were obtained
from the following commercial sources: glass wafers (3-in. diameter,
500-μm thick) from TEMPAX Float (Schott AG, Tokyo, Japan); polyimide
prepolymer solution (SP-341, Toray, Tokyo, Japan); a thick-film photoresist
(SU-8 25, Kayaku Advanced Materials, Westborough, MA); silicone sheet
used as the oxygen-permeable membrane (50-μm thick, Mitsubishi
Chemical, Tokyo, Japan); poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plate (5-mm
thick, Sumitomo Chemical, Tokyo, Japan); tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichloro-ruthenium(II)
hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂·6H₂O) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); tris-n-propylamine
(TPA), sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃), potassium chloride
(KCl), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (Tris–HCl) buffer
solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan); and Bacto
brain heart infusion (BHI) (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks,
MD). Piperacillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, and cefmetazole were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO. Deionized Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ
cm, Millipore, Billerica, MA) was used to prepare all solutions.

Shirato Y., Hsueh A.J., Ab Mutalib N.A., Deng Y., Suematsu R., Kato A., Kearney B.M., Kinoshita M, & Suzuki H. (2024). Bipolar Clark-Type Oxygen Electrode Arrays for Imaging and Multiplexed Measurements of the Respiratory Activity of Cells. ACS Omega, 9(9), 10825-10833.

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Photocatalytic Peptide Synthesis

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5-Mono(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl porphine (MCpP) was purchased from Frontier Scientific (Logan, U.S.A.), Fmoc-L-Phe-OH from GL Biochem (Shanghai, China), O-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) and N-hydroxybenzotriazole anhydrous (HOBt) from Chem-Impex International (Wood Dale, IL, U.S.A.), N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), triisopropylsilane (TIS), hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂·6H₂O), L-glutamic dehydrogenase from bovine liver (GDH) and α-ketoglutaric acid from Sigma-Aldrich (Rehovot, Israel), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) from Aladdin (Shanghai, China), triethanolamine (TEOA) from Sinopharm (Shanghai, China), Fmoc-L-Phe-Wang resin from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), dichloromethane (DCM), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) of peptide synthesis purity grade from Bio-Lab (Jerusalem, Israel). All materials were used as received without further purification. Water used was processed by a Millipore purification system (Darmstadt, Germany) with a minimum resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm.

Tao K., Xue B., Frere S., Slutsky I., Cao Y., Wang W, & Gazit E. (2017). Multiporous Supramolecular Microspheres for Artificial Photosynthesis. Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society, 29(10), 4454-4460.

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Electrochemical Immunosensor for PSA Detection

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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and mouse anti-human PSA monoclonal antibody (Ab) were purchased from Beijing KEY-BIO Biotech Co., Ltd. (China). Tris(2,2-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂·6H₂O) and hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride (Ru(NH₃)₆Cl₃) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (United States). Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]), bovine serum albumin (BSA), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane, and NaOH were obtained from Aladdin (China). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 M, pH 7.4) was prepared by mixing NaH₂PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄ in a certain ratio. Human blood serum (healthy man) for real sample analysis was provided by Hangzhou Institute of Occupational Diseases (Hangzhou, China). ITO glass (<17Ω/square, thickness: 100 ± 20 nm) was obtained from Zhuhai Kaivo Optoelectronic Technology (China). To obtain a clean and negatively charged surface, the ITO glass was cleaned by NaOH solution (1 M) and then ultrasonically treated in acetone, ethanol, and deionized water. All other chemicals were of analytical grade. Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) was used throughout the study.

Ma K., Zheng Y., An L, & Liu J. (2022). Ultrasensitive Immunosensor for Prostate-Specific Antigen Based on Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence by Vertically Ordered Mesoporous Silica-Nanochannel Film. Frontiers in Chemistry, 10, 851178.

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