Murexide

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Murexide is a chemical compound used in analytical chemistry as a colorimetric indicator. It is a purple crystalline solid that changes color in response to changes in pH. Murexide is commonly used in the determination of calcium and magnesium in water samples.

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Lab products found in correlation

6 protocols using murexide

Mimosa Tannin Extract Characterization

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The commercially available mimosa tannin “Weibull” extract was supplied by the Tanac company (Montenegro, Brazil). The 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF, ≥ 95%) was acquired from AVA Biochem (Zug, Switzerland). Technical grade acetone (>99%), sodium hydroxide pellets (NaOH) and N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.9%) were provided by VWR. Ammonium hydroxide (25% in H₂O), zinc sulfate heptahydrate, Eriochrome^® Black T, ammonium chloride, Murexide, and methyl orange (MO) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Copper(II)sulfate (anhydrous) and acetic acid (glacial, 100%) were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Rhodamine B (RB) was provided by Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution (0.1 M) was purchased from Fischer Scientific (Hampton, VA, USA). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD, 98%) was supplied by ABCR (Karlsruhe, Germany).

Koopmann A.K., Ehgartner C.R., Euchler D., Claros M, & Huesing N. (2023). Sustainable Tannin Gels for the Efficient Removal of Metal Ions and Organic Dyes. Gels, 9(10), 822.

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Potato Starch Etherification and Characterization

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Potato starch (13.6–14 wt% moisture) was purchased from Nowamyl S.A. (Nowogard, Poland). Monochloroacetic acid (MCA, 98.5%, Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland) was used as an etherifying agent, whereas isopropanol (99%, Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland) was used as a reaction medium. Glycerol (98%), citric acid monohydrate (CA, 99%), sodium hydroxide (microgranules, 98%), acetic acid, and copper sulfate penthahydrate were the products of Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland), murexide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate (EDTA) of Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Carboxymethyl cellulose (DS 2.6) was the product of Pronicel Sp. z o.o. (Warszawa, Poland).

Wilpiszewska K., Antosik A.K., Schmidt B., Janik J, & Rokicka J. (2020). Hydrophilic Films Based on Carboxymethylated Derivatives of Starch and Cellulose. Polymers, 12(11), 2447.

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Caries Evaluation of Mouse Jawbones

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After being sacrificed, the heads of mice were collected to boil for 15 min. Then, all mouth cavity samples were surgically dissected, and the jawbones were obtained. A total of 0.4% (m/v) murexide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to stain such jawbones for 12 h. After being rinsed, the samples were semi-sectioned along the occlusal surfaces between the maxillary and mandibular molars. Subsequently, under a stereomicroscope, the molars were observed and estimated by a standard method, the reported Keyes caries scoring system, in which the linear evaluation of enamel carious damages was performed by the grade E caries scoring method, while the levels of dentin carious lesions were evaluated by the grade D caries scoring method [24 (link),27 (link),28 (link)]. A group of inspectors who were blind for the study performed this caries scoring.

Guo M., Wu J., Hung W., Sun Z., Zhao W., Lan H., Zhao Z., Wuri G., Fang B., Zhao L, & Zhang M. (2023). Lactobacillus paracasei ET-22 Suppresses Dental Caries by Regulating Microbiota of Dental Plaques and Inhibiting Biofilm Formation. Nutrients, 15(15), 3316.

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Polyphenol Quantification and Antioxidant Assays

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Procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2 and procyanidin C1 were acquired from Chromadex (Irvine, California, USA). (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, quercetin glucoside, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, horseradish peroxidase type I, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), potassium persulfate, potassium chloride (KCl), cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O), hexamine, murexide, phloroglucinol, sodium carbonate, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, ethanol, acetone, and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, USA). Acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid were acquired from J.T. Baker (Edo. de Méx., México). Deionized water (18 MΩ•cm⁻¹) was prepared with a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Mendoza-Wilson A.M., Castro-Arredondo S.I., Espinosa-Plascencia A., Robles-Burgueño M.D., Balandrán-Quintana R.R, & Bermúdez-Almada M.D. (2016). Chemical composition and antioxidant-prooxidant potential of a polyphenolic extract and a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction of apple skin. Heliyon, 2(2), e00073.

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Graphite-Based Oxidation and Reduction Assays

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Graphite powder (size < 150 µm, 99.99%, Sigma, Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France), potassium permanganate KMnO₄ (>99%, Sigma), hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ (30%, VWR Chemicals, Briare, France), sodium nitrate NaNO₃ (>99%, Sigma), sulfuric acid H₂SO₄ (reagent grade), 2,2’-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (98%, Sigma), ferrous chloride FeCl₂ (99.9%, Sigma), ferrozine (>99%, Sigma), potassium ferricyanide K₃Fe(CN)₆ (>99%, Sigma), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (>99%, Sigma), L-carnosine (99%, Sigma), murexide (ACS reagent, Sigma), copper sulphate CuSO₄ (>99%, Sigma), Trolox^® (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid, >98%, Sigma), potassium persulfate K₂S₂O₈ (>99%, Sigma), trichloroacetic acid (>99%, ThermoFisher Scientific, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France), and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (99%, Sigma) were used as received without further purification. All of the solutions were prepared while using Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ.cm, Millipore) as solvent.

El-Hnayn R., Canabady-Rochelle L., Desmarets C., Balan L., Rinnert H., Joubert O., Medjahdi G., Ben Ouada H, & Schneider R. (2020). One-Step Synthesis of Diamine-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots from Graphene Oxide and Their Chelating and Antioxidant Activities. Nanomaterials, 10(1), 104.

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Enzymatic Assay for Protease Activity

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Esperase (Novozyme), trypsin, Nα-benzoyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPNA), casein, Folin-Ciocalteu´s phenol reagent, murexide, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), neocuproin, CuCl2, CuSO4, Na2CO3, NH₄CH₃CO₂ were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A).

Kocazorbaz E.K., KANATSIZOĞLU M., Çeker T., & Menfaatli E. (2020). Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca) Muscle and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Copper Chelating Activities of the Hydrolysates. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 680-687.

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