Formaldehyde

Manufactured by Beyotime

Sourced in China

Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas with a pungent odor. It is commonly used as a preservative and disinfectant in laboratory settings.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Crystal violet, by Beyotime (9 mentions) Matrigel, by Corning (2 mentions) Crystal violet, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Inverted microscope, by Zeiss (2 mentions) Lsm 880, by Zeiss (2 mentions) Ez chip kit, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Confocal laser scanning microscope, by Zeiss (2 mentions) Mitotracker deep red fm, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Goat serum, by Beyotime (2 mentions) Triton x 100, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Triton x 100, by Beyotime (2 mentions) 4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Beyotime (2 mentions) Thermo scientific multiskan, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Mtt solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Matrigel, by BD (1 mentions) Fluorescence microscope, by Nikon (1 mentions) Fluorescent microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions) Transwell chamber, by Corning (1 mentions) Matrigel gel, by BD (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Formaldehyde solution (4 citations) Buffered 4% formaldehyde (2 citations) 4% polyphosphate formaldehyde (2 citations)

36 protocols using formaldehyde

Cytotoxicity and Colony Formation Assays

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For MTT assays, Saos-2 cells were seeded into 96-well plates in medium containing 10% FBS at ~3,000 cells/well. In brief, 20 μl of 5 mg/ml MTT solution (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to each well and incubated at 37°C for 4 h. After the incubation period, the medium was removed from each well and the resulting MTT formazan was solubilized in 150 μl dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich). The absorbance at 490 nm was measured in a Thermo Scientific Multiskan (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA).
For the colony formation assay, Saos-2 cells were plated into three 6-cm cell culture dishes (1×10³ cells/well) and incubated for 10 days in medium containing 10% FBS. The colonies were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and stained with 1.0% crystal violet (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Haimen, China) for 30 sec after fixation with 10% formaldehyde (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) for 15 min. The number of colonies, defined as >50 cells/colony were counted under an inverted fluorescent microscope (MoticAE30; Microscope Systems, Ltd., Glasgow, UK). Three independent experiments were performed and the data was calculated using a paired t-test.

ZHUO W., GE W., MENG G., JIA S., ZHOU X, & LIU J. (2015). MicroRNA-20a promotes the proliferation and cell cycle of human osteosarcoma cells by suppressing early growth response 2 expression. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12(4), 4989-4994.

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Evaluating Cell Migration Potential

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For Transwell assay, 1.0×10⁴ cells were plated in the upper chamber of the insert with Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). The cells were incubated with serum-free medium for 48 h. The cells were then stained with 0.1% crystal violet and 4% formaldehyde (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology). The number of cells, fixed on the bottom membrane of the inserts was counted under a microscope (Nikon). For wound healing assay, 5×10⁴ cells/well were seeded into a 6-well plate. Following 24 h of incubation, the cells were wounded with a yellow pipette tip. The cells were then cultured for 24 h and the wound healing was observed under a microscope (Nikon) at indicated time-points.

Du Z., Li L., Sun W., Wang X., Zhang Y., Chen Z., Yuan M., Quan Z., Liu N., Hao Y., Li T., Wang J., Luo C, & Wu X. (2018). HepaCAM inhibits the malignant behavior of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by downregulating Notch signaling and PF-3084014 (a γ-secretase inhibitor) partly reverses the resistance of refractory prostate cancer to docetaxel and enzalutamide in vitro. International Journal of Oncology, 53(1), 99-112.

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Transwell Invasion Assay for Cell Migration

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For the Transwell invasion assay, 1×10⁴ cells were plated in serum-free medium in the upper chamber with a Matrigel-coated membrane, and the lower chamber was filled with medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Following 48 h of incubation, the cells at the lower chamber inserts were stained with 0.1% crystal violet and 4% formaldehyde (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) at room temperature for 15 min. After removing the membrane, the number of cells was counted under a fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).

Sun W., Li L., Du Z., Quan Z., Yuan M., Cheng H., Gao Y., Luo C, & Wu X. (2019). Combination of phospholipase Cε knockdown with GANT61 sensitizes castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide by suppressing the androgen receptor signaling pathway. Oncology Reports, 41(5), 2689-2702.

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Histomorphological Assessment of Aorta

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H&E staining was used to observe the pathologic histomorphology of the mice's aortas. The aortaswere fixed in 10% formaldehyde (Beyotime Biotechnology, HangZhou, China), and the aortic arch located 0.5 cm from the aorta root was excised. The aortic arch was subjected to routine dehydration and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections (5 μm) were prepared starting from the aorta root. The sections were stained with H&E and observed under a light microscope.

Liu J., Lai L., Lin J., Zheng J., Nie X., Zhu X., Xue J, & Liu T. (2020). Ranitidine and finasteride inhibit the synthesis and release of trimethylamine N-oxide and mitigates its cardiovascular and renal damage through modulating gut microbiota. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(5), 790-802.

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Transwell Assay for Cell Migration and Invasion

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Cellular migration and invasion were examined using Transwell assay. Cell invasion assays were performed in advance. The diluted Matrigel gel (BD Biosciences) was added to the Transwell chamber (Corning, Inc.) at 70 µl/well and incubated at 37°C until set. Subsequently, 200 µl cell dilution containing 1% FBS medium (1×10⁵/ml) were added to the upper chamber, while 800 µl medium containing 10% FBS were added to the bottom chamber. Following 48 h of incubation at 37°C, the cells were subjected at room temperature to fixation 30 min with formaldehyde and crystal violet (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) staining 20 min and placed under a fluorescent microscope (Olympus Corporation) to observe and obtain images for counting.

Yang J., Gao Y., Yao S., Wan S, & Cai H. (2023). TFAP2A promotes cervical cancer via a positive feedback pathway with PD‑L1. Oncology Reports, 49(6), 114.

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Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase Assay

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Seventy-two hours after transfection with the negative control siRNA or JMJD2B siRNA in normoxia, the cells were washed once with PBS, fixed in 4% (v/v) formaldehyde for 15 min, washed in PBS again, and incubated overnight at 37 °C in staining solution (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology). Subsequently, the cells were washed three times with PBS before visualisation and image capture. The percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells was determined by counting the number of blue cells under bright-field illumination, and the total number of cells in the same field under phase contrast. At least 10 fields of triplicate plates were analysed. The evaluation of senescence was made in a blinded manner.

Chen L., Fu L., Kong X., Xu J., Wang Z., Ma X., Akiyama Y., Chen Y, & Fang J. (2014). Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B silencing induces DNA damage response via STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 110(4), 1014-1026.

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Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion Assay

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24-well transwell chambers (Corning Incorporated; Corning, NY, USA) pre-coated with or without Matrigel (Corning Incorporated) were used for invasion or migration analysis, respectively. A549 and H460 cells (2 × 10⁴) in serum-depleted medium were seeded into the upper chambers pre-coated with or without Matrigel, and the lower chambers were filled with matched culture medium containing 10% FBS. After 24-h incubation, cells migrated or invaded to the lower surface of chambers were fixed with formaldehyde (Beyotime) and stained with crystal violet (Beyotime). The morphology of migrated or invaded cells was observed using an inverted microscopy (100 × ; Nikon) in at least five fields.

Li M., Wang Q., Zhang X., Yan N, & Li X. (2020). Exosomal miR-126 blocks the development of non-small cell lung cancer through the inhibition of ITGA6. Cancer Cell International, 20, 574.

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Immunofluorescence Labeling of Transfected HeLa Cells

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HeLa cells grown on polystyrene coverslips (Nest Biotechnology, China) were transfected with the various expression plasmids using PolyJet in vitro DNA transfection reagent (SignaGen, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Cells were washed with PBS at 48 h posttransfection (hpt), followed by fixation in 4% (vol/vol) cold formaldehyde (Beyotime, China) for 15 min at room temperature. The cells were washed with PBS three times after fixation and then permeabilized with 0.1% (vol/vol) Triton X-100 for 15 min, followed by washing with PBS. The cells were blocked with 3% (wt/vol) BSA in PBS for 2 h and then labeled with a mouse (or rabbit) anti-HA antibody (Sigma, USA). The samples were then incubated with a goat anti-mouse IgG (whole molecule) fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antibody (Sigma) and a goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) highly cross-adsorbed secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor 633 (Thermo Scientific, USA) in PBS containing 3% BSA for 1 h at room temperature. Nuclei were stained with 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (DAPI) (Beyotime, China) for 15 min. Images were captured using a Leica DM-IRE2 confocal microscope (Leica, Germany). All experiments were performed in triplicate.

Wang X.F., Wang Y.H., Bai B., Zhang M., Chen J., Zhang X., Gao M, & Wang X. (2021). Truncation of the Cytoplasmic Tail of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Increases Virion Production by Improving Env Cleavage and Plasma Membrane Localization. Journal of Virology, 95(23), e01087-21.

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Colony Formation Assay for Cell Lines

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After 48 h of transfection, according to the concentration of 200 HGC-27 and AGS cells per well, 5 ml cell suspension was inoculated into Petri dishes (diameter 60 mm) and cultured at 37°C and 5% CO₂ for 2 weeks. The culture medium was replaced with a fresh culture medium every 2–3 days. Once visible colonies appeared in per well, cells were carefully washed twice with PBS, fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 15 min, and stained with 0.05% crystal violet (Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd) for 15 min. After the plates were flushed 3 times with PBS, the colonies with ≥50 cells were directly photographed by cameras and counted by Image J software (Bethesda, MD, USA) [24 ].

Sun A., Li J., Kong W, & Jiang X. (2022). Silencing of immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and metastasis by regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Bioengineered, 13(5), 13544-13554.

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Colony Formation Assay for Cancer Cells

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Co-Sp and hESC-Sp were diluted to the same volume fraction (80%) with RPMI 1640. Cells (500 cells/well) were seeded in a 6-well plate and cultured with the diluted Co-Sp, hESC-Sp, respectively. PC3 and DU145 cells cultured without supernatant were used as negative controls. After 16 days, the colonies were treated with 4% formaldehyde (Beyotime, China) and 0.1% crystal violet dye (Beyotime, China) for 15 minutes each. Finally, the colonies were photographed and counted.

Yang X., Lu Y., Kuang Q., Wu Y., Tan X., Lan J., Qiang Z, & Feng T. (2023). Human embryonic stem cells exert antitumor effects on prostate cancer cells in a co-culture microenvironment. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1164250.

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