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7 protocols using αifn γ

1

Differentiation of Naive T Cells

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Naive T cells were isolated by sorting CD4+CD25CD62LhighCD44low cells from spleens and lymph nodes, differentiated under several Th cell conditions, and analyzed as described (Yang et al., 2008 (link)). The naïve T cells (5 × 105 cells/well) were stimulated with the plate-bound α-CD3 (1 μg/ml) and the soluble α-CD28 (1 μg/ml). For Th0 differentiation, the cells were treated with 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ (XMG1.2; BioXCell), 5 μg/ml α-IL-4 (11B11; BioXCell) and 30 U/ml IL-2. For Th1 differentiation, the cells were treated with 10 ng/ml mIL-12 (Peprotech), 5 μg/ml α-IL-4 and 30 U/ml IL-2. For Th2 differentiation, the cells were treated with 10 ng/ml mIL-4 (Peprotech), 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ. For iTreg differentiation, the cells were treated with 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 (Peprotech), 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ, 5 μg/ml α-IL-4 and 30 U/ml IL-2. For Th17 differentiation, the cells were treated with 0.5 ng/ml TGF-β1, 10 ng/ml IL-6 (Peprotech), 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ, and 5 μg/ml α-IL-4. When indicated, 10 ng/ml IL-23 and 10 ng/ml IL-1β (Peprotech) were used for optimal Th17 cell differentiation.
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2

Differentiation of Naive T Cells into Th Subsets

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Naive T cells were isolated by sorting CD4+CD25CD62LhighCD44low cells from spleens and lymph nodes, differentiated under several Th cell conditions, and analyzed as described (Yang et al., 2008a (link)). Briefly, naïve T cells (5 × 105 cells/well) were cultured at 37°C (5% CO2) in complete medium. The cells were stimulated with the plate-bound α-CD3 (1 μg/ml; BioXCell) and the soluble α-CD28 (1 μg/ml; BioXCell). For Th0, the cells were treated with 30U/ml IL-2, 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ (XMG1.2; BioXCell) and 5 μg/ml α-IL-4 (11B11; BioXCell). For Th1, the cells were treated with 30U/ml IL-2, 10 ng/ml IL-12 (Peprotech) and 5 μg/ml α-IL-4. For Th2, the cells were treated with 30U/ml IL-2, 10 ng/ml IL-4 (Peprotech) and 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ. For Treg, the cells were treated with 30U/ml IL-2, 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 (Peprotech), 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ and 5 μg/ml α-IL-4. For Th17, the cells were treated with 0.5 ng/ml TGF-β1, 10 ng/ml IL-1β (Peprotech), 10 ng/ml IL-6 (Peprotech), 10 ng/ml IL-23, 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ and 5 μg/ml α-IL-4. For Th17(β), the cells were treated with 0.5 ng/ml TGF-β1, 10 ng/ml IL-6, 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ and 5 μg/ml α-IL-4. When indicated, 10 μg/ml α-TGF-β (1D11; BioXCell) or 10 μM TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor (SB431542; Calbiochem) were added. For Th17(23), the cells were treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 ng/ml IL-6, 10 ng/ml IL-23, 5 μg/ml α-IFN-γ and 5 μg/ml α-IL-4.
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3

In vitro Naive CD4+ T cell Polarization

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Naïve CD4+ T cells were sorted from the spleens and lymph nodes with the MACS CD4+CD62L+ T Cell Isolation (30–093-227) Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Cells were cultured under neutral (TH0) conditions in supplemented IMDM medium in the presence of activating antibodies (5 μg/ml plate-coated anti-CD3 and 1 μg/ml soluble anti-CD28) and iTreg polarizing cytokines: TGF-β [5 ng/ml], human IL-2 [20 ng/ml], αIL-4 [2 μg/ml], αIFN-γ [2 μg/ml] and αIL-12 [2 μg/ml].
Recombinant proteins (recombinant human IL-2 and TGF-β) and blocking antibodies (anti-mouse IL-4, anti-mouse IFN-γ, anti-mouse IL-12) for in vitro cell differentiation were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, California,USA).
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4

Detailed Workflow for Murine T Cell Analysis

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Isolated cells were stained with αCD4, αCD8, αCD3, αTCRβ, αCD44, αCD62L, αFoxP3, αIL-17 and αIFN-γ (eBioscience and Tombo). For FoxP3 and cytokine staining, cells were stained according to the manufacturer’s protocol form FoxP3 staining kit (Affimetrix/eBioscience). For cytokine staining, cells were stimulated with 50 ng/ml PMA and 1 μg/ml ionomycin in the presence of GolgiPlug (BD Bioscience) for 4 hours at 37°C and stained for surface markers followed by fixation/permeabilization and staining for cytokines. Stained cells were acquired with LSRII or LSR Fortessa cytometers; data was analyzed using FlowJo (Treestar) (BD Bioscience). For sorting of Treg cells, CD4+ T cells were enriched by using mouse CD4+ T cell isolation kit (Miltenyi) or Magnisort mouse CD4+ T cell enrichment kit (Affimetrix/eBioscience) and then cells were sorted by FACSAria (BD Bioscience).
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5

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry of Immune Cells

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Flow-cytometric analysis of single-cell suspensions from spleen, lymph nodes (inguinal, axillary, cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes), thymus, whole blood, bone marrow, and TILs was performed using α-CD45, α-CD8, α-CD4, α-CD19, α-CD44, α-CD25, α-CD122, α-FoxP3, α-IFN-γ (all eBioscience), α-TNF-α, α-Ki67, α-CD3 (BioLegend), α-NK1.1 (BD Pharmingen). Stainings for intracellular FoxP3, Ki67, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were performed following the manufacturer’s instructions (eBioscience).
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6

Monoclonal Antibody-Induced Cytokine Inhibition

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Monoclonal antibodies were applied to the vaccinated group to induce the functional inhibition of IFN-γ or IL-17A. Purified monoclonal anti-mouse IFN-γ (αIFN-γ; eBioscience; 16-7311-85) or anti-mouse IL-17A (αIL-17A; eBioscience; 16-7173-85) was prepared using endotoxin-free PBS. Two days before infection, vaccinated mice were injected with 100 μg (i.p.; 100 μL) of αIFN-γ, αIL-17A, or both. The vaccinated and nonvaccinated control groups were injected with the nonspecific isotype control IgG [100 or 200 μg (i.p.)] at doses comparable to those administered to the single inhibition group and the combined treatment group.
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7

Differentiation and Transduction of γδT17 Cells

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Pooled spleen and LN cells were cultured at 1 × 106 cells per ml in RPMI 1640 containing 10% FCS, antibiotics, 1 × Glutamax (Gibco), 10 mM HEPES (SA Pathology), 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 54 pM β-mercaptoethanol and 1 × non-essential amino acids (Gibco) with 5 ng ml−1 recombinant (r)IL-23 (eBioscience), 5 ng ml−1 rIL-1β (Miltenyi Biotec) and 10 μg ml−1 α-IFN-γ (BioXCell) in 96-well round-bottom plates coated with 1 μg ml−1 α-TCR-γδ (clone GL3; Biolegend) for 3 days. Cells were washed and re-seeded on fresh plastic at 1 × 106 cells per ml for a further 3 days as above without TCR-γδ stimulation. Cells were then washed and re-seeded in 20 ng ml−1 rIL-7 (Peprotech) and 10 μg ml−1 α-IFN-γ for a further 3 days. pMIG, pMIG-Rorc and pMIG-Ccr6 (cloned from mouse Ccr6 cDNA) were transfected into EcoPack 2 293 cells (Clontech; mycoplasma free) with Lipofectamine 2000 (ThermoFisher), and supernatant collected after 48 h. γδT17 cells at days 4 and 5 of culture were centrifuged at 2,500 r.p.m. (30 °C for 1.5 h) in supernatant with 8 μg ml−1 polybrene (Sigma) in flat-bottom 96 well trays before being returned to culture.
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