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Porcine liver esterase

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Porcine liver esterase is a laboratory enzyme purified from porcine (swine) liver tissue. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds in various substrates.

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Lab products found in correlation

Low molecular weight chitosan, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Eurobio Scientific (2 mentions) Isophorone diisocyanate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Pentaerythritol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 2 2 ethylenedioxy diethanethiol deg dichloromethane, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Deuterated chloroform, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 2 ethyl 2 oxazoline etox, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Methyl tosylate meots, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lucirintpo l ethyl 2 4 6 trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinate, by ABCR (2 mentions) Eosin b, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hplc system, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions) Triton x 100, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 3 4 5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl 2 5 diphenyl 2 h tetrazolium bromide mtt, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Cytotox 96 non radioactive cytotoxicity assay kit, by Promega (1 mentions) Synergy h1 multi mode reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Celltiter glo luminescent cell viability reagent, by Promega (1 mentions) Chlorpromazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 1 2 dioleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) Genistein, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 1 2 distearoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Esterase (13 citations) Esterase from porcine liver (9 citations) Porcine liver esterase (PLE, (2 citations)

18 protocols using porcine liver esterase

1

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Castor Oil-based Polyurethane

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Castor oil (CO) (Ricinus communis) was purchased from Químicos Campota and Co., Ltd. (Bogotá, Colombia). Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), low-molecular-weight chitosan (Ch, with a percentage of deacetylation between 75–85%), and porcine liver esterase (18 units mg−1) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pentaerythritol was from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Triethanolamine (TEA) was obtained from BASF (Bogotá, Colombia). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2.5% trypsin (10×), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, 1×) were obtained from Gibco/Invitrogen (Paisley, UK). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from Eurobio (Les Ulis, France). Triton® X-100 was obtained from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay kit was provided by Promega (Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, USA). L-929 mouse subcutaneous connective tissue fibroblasts cells (ATCC® CCL-1) and Adult human dermal fibroblast HDFa (ATCC® PCS-201-012™) were also used.
Morales-González M., Navas-Gómez K., Diaz L.E., Gómez-Tejedor J.A, & Valero M.F. (2023). Incorporation of Chitosan in Polyurethanes Based on Modified Castor Oil for Cardiovascular Applications. Polymers, 15(18), 3733.
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2

NMUr Cytotoxicity Assay Protocol

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Cells were seeded 100 000 cells/well in 6-well plates (total volume: 2 mL) 24 h before they were exposed to NMUr for 1 h (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 75, 100, or 200 μM). At 1 h, porcine liver esterase (1 unit/well, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was added to inactivate any extracellular NMUr. This step removed excess NMUr in order to reduce variation between experiment replicates. Each treatment was performed in duplicate. After 48 h, three 50-μL aliquots were removed from each well and combined with 50 μL of CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability reagent (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI) in 96-well plates and incubated for 20 min on a shaker. The plates were analyzed using a Synergy H1Multi-Mode Reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT) operating in the luminescent mode with an acquisition gain of 134 according to manufacturer’s instructions. Cell survival was normalized to the luminescence of the cells treated with 0 μM NMUr. IC20, IC50, and IC80 values were determined using the Gen5Microplate Reader and Imager Software. Seventeen cell lines were repeated at a different time to determine the technical variation of the assay. The IC20 values varied by 13% ± 13%, and the IC50 values varied by 10% ± 10%.
Peterson L.A., Ignatovich I.V., Grill A.E., Beauchamp A., Ho Y.Y., DiLernia A.S, & Zhang L. (2019). Individual Differences in the Response of Human β-Lymphoblastoid Cells to the Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and DNA-Damaging Effects of a DNA Methylating Agent, N-Methylnitrosourethane. Chemical research in toxicology, 32(11), 2214-2226.
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3

Lipid Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization

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Amines, epoxides, acyl chlorides, TEA were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Burlington, Massachusetts, USA), Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI, Tokyo, Japan) and Ambeed (Arlington Heights, Illinois, USA). Alanine transaminase (ALT) colorimetric activity assay kit (#700260) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) colorimetric activity assay kit (#701640) were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA). 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000 (DMG-PEG 2000) and cholesterol were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, Alabama, USA). DLin-MC3-DMA and SM-102 were purchased from MedChem Express (Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, USA). Cas9 mRNA (5moU) was purchased from TriLink (San Diego, California, USA). Highly modified sgRNA target mouse TTR (guide No. G211) was chemically synthesized by AxoLabs (Kulmbach, Bayern, Germany) based on the previous publication43 (link). Anhydrous DCM, porcine liver esterase, amiloride hydrochloride, chlorpromazine, genistein, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and TTR siRNAs (#NM_013697, siRNA IDs: SASI_Mm01_00076059, SASI_Mm01_00076060 and SASI_Mm01_00076061) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Burlington, Massachusetts, USA).
Han X., Xu J., Xu Y., Alameh M.G., Xue L., Gong N., El-Mayta R., Palanki R., Warzecha C.C., Zhao G., Vaughan A.E., Wilson J.M., Weissman D, & Mitchell M.J. (2024). In situ combinatorial synthesis of degradable branched lipidoids for systemic delivery of mRNA therapeutics and gene editors. Nature Communications, 15, 1762.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Tobacco Metabolites

Cited 2 times
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NNK and NNKOAc were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals. (S)-NNAL, (R)-NNAL, N6-PHB-dAdo, 2-(3-pyridyl)-1,3-dithiane, tert-butyl 3-(2-(3-pyridyl)-1,3-dithianyl)-1-propylcarbamate, and [pyridine-D4]tert-butyl 3-(2-(3-pyridyl)-1,3-dithianyl)-1-propylcarbamate were synthesized as previously described.15 (link),33 (link),34 (link) [15N5]2′-deoxyadenosine (>99% 15N5 incorporation) was obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, MA). 6-Chloropurine-2′-deoxyriboside was obtained from Carbosynth (Compton, United Kingdom). Reagents for DNA isolation were purchased from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany). Calf thymus DNA, phosphodiesterase II, and micrococcal nuclease were obtained from Worthington Biochemical Co. (Lakewood, NJ). Alkaline phosphatase was procured from Roche Diagnostics GmbH (Mannheim, Germany). Porcine liver esterase and all other chemicals and solvents were obtained from either Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI) or Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA) in reagent grade or higher and used without further purification.
Carlson E.S., Upadhyaya P., Villalta P.W., Ma B, & Hecht S.S. (2018). Analysis and Identification of 2′-Deoxyadenosine-derived Adducts in Lung and Liver DNA of F-344 Rats Treated with the Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and Enantiomers of its Metabolite 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. Chemical research in toxicology, 31(5), 358-370.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Succinated Dex

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Succinated Dex (Dex-SA) was synthesized by using a method described in our previous study.21 (link) The 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin and N-Fmoc-protected amino acids were provided by GL Biochem (Shanghai) Ltd., (Shanghai, China). Porcine liver esterase, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and LPS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., (St Louise, MO, USA). Dexp and dialysis bags (molecular weight cutoff: 3,500) were provided by Dalian Meilun Biology Technology Co., Ltd., (Liaoning Province, China). All other chemical reagents used are of analytical grade.
Yu X., Zhang R., Lei L., Song Q, & Li X. (2019). High drug payload nanoparticles formed from dexamethasone-peptide conjugates for the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis in rabbit. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 14, 591-603.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Paracetamol Prodrugs

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Indomethacin (IND), Famotidine (FAM), 4-(Dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP), silica gel, and N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) 98% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company. Paracetamol (PAR) was purchased from Sun Pharma Ltd. (Nablus, Palestine). Sodium acetate trihydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, ethyl acetate 99.5% (EtOAc), hexane (Hex), and dichloromethane (DCM) were purchased from CS Company, Haifa. Acetonitrile supragradient grade for chromatography (ACN) and triethylamine (Et3N) were purchased from SDFCL. Porcine liver esterase (PLE) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Inactive pharmaceutical ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, aerosol, and Ac-Di-Sol were donated by Jerusalem Pharmaceuticals Company, Palestine.
Assali M., Abualhasan M., Zohud N, & Ghazal N. (2020). RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation of Synthesized Codrug in Combination with Indomethacin, Paracetamol, and Famotidine. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2020, 1894907.
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7

Vitamin D3 Transport Assay Protocol

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TU and Vitamin D3 were purchased from Beijing Sjar Technology Development (Beijing, China) and Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK), respectively. Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS), 4-2-hydroxyethyl-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, lecithin, porcine liver esterase, FBS, sodium taurocholate (NaTc), NaH2PO4, NaCl, KBr, fast blue BB salt (4-benzoylamino-2,5-dimethoxybenzenediazonium chloride hemi (zinc chloride) salt), and gallic acid were obtained from Sigma (Gillingham, UK). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) with added GlutaMAX™, D-glucose, and HEPES was procured from Gibco (Paisley, UK).
Zgair A., Dawood Y., Ibrahem S.M., Lee J.B., Feng W., Fischer P.M, & Gershkovich P. (2021). Strawberry Decreases Intraluminal and Intestinal Wall Hydrolysis of Testosterone Undecanoate. Molecules, 26(1), 233.
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8

Castor Oil-based Polyurethane Biomaterials

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Castor (Ricinus communis) oil was purchased from Químicos Campota and Co. Ltd. (Bogotá, Colombia). Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL) (average molecular weight of 2000 g mol−1), low molecular weight chitosan (Ch) (with a percentage of deacetylation between 75–85%), n-octane, 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.1 M NaOH, porcine liver esterase (18 units mg−1), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), and phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pentaerythritol was from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: Dulbecco’s Phosphate-buffered saline), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2.5% trypsin (10×), penicillin-streptomycin (10,000 units of penicillin and 10,000 μg of streptomycin per milliliter), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, 1×), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640, Live/dead® Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit, Alexa Flour™ 488 phalloidin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 026:B6) were obtained from Gibco/Invitrogen (Paisley, UK). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from Eurobio (Les Ulis, France).
Uscátegui Y.L., Díaz L.E., Gómez-Tejedor J.A., Vallés-Lluch A., Vilariño-Feltrer G., Serrano M.A, & Valero M.F. (2019). Candidate Polyurethanes Based on Castor Oil (Ricinus communis), with Polycaprolactone Diol and Chitosan Additions, for Use in Biomedical Applications. Molecules, 24(2), 237.
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9

Polysorbate 80 Characterization and Validation

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polysorbate 80 NF was purchased from Spectrum Biochemical. Super refined polysorbate 80 with C18:1 fatty acid content ≥98% designated as “high oleic acid PS80 (PS80 HOA)” throughout this manuscript, was kindly provided by Croda Inc. rhG-CSF was purchased as filgrastim reference standard from USP and rituximab from Genentech, Inc. Porcine liver esterase was purchased from Sigma. Mouse phospholipase B-like 2 (PLBD2) was purchased from Biorbyt. All chemicals were purchased from Sigma unless otherwise specified.
Pegues M.A., Szczepanek K., Sheikh F., Thacker S.G., Aryal B., Ghorab M.K., Wolfgang S., Donnelly R.P., Verthelyi D, & Rao V.A. (2021). Effect of Fatty Acid Composition in Polysorbate 80 on the Stability of Therapeutic Protein Formulations. Pharmaceutical Research, 38(11), 1961-1975.
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10

Synthesis and Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles

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Tetronic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, 3-aminopyrazole, 5-bromovanillin, triethylamine (Et3N), thionyl chloride (SOCl2), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), benzene, hexanes, ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), sephadex G75, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), RPMI-1640, DMEM, fetal bovine serum (FBS), MTT reagent, porcine pancreas lipase and porcine liver esterase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich or Fisher Scientific, USA. Chloroform solutions of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)2000] ammonium salt (DSPE-PEG2000) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, USA). Lipophilic tracers DiO and DiI were purchased from Life Technologies, USA. Annexin V-FITC conjugate was ordered from Southern Biotech, USA.
Mikhalin A.A., Evdokimov N.M., Frolova L.V., Magedov I.V., Kornienko A., Johnston R., Rogelj S, & Tartis M.S. (2014). Lipophilic prodrug conjugates allow facile and rapid synthesis of high loading capacity liposomes without the need for post-assembly purification. Journal of liposome research, 25(3), 232-260.
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