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2 protocols using pirinixic acid

1

Ferroptosis Induction Compounds Protocol

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The commercially available compounds used were erastin (Selleckchem S7242), nutlin-3a (Sigma-Aldrich 444152), MDMX inhibitor NSC207895 (Calbiochem 444158), staurosporine (Selleckchem S1421), deferoxamine (Calbiochem 252750), MEL23 (InterBioscreen) (Herman et al. 2011 (link)), PPARα agonist (Pirinixic acid; Selleckchem S8029), PPARα antagonist (GW6471; Santa Cruz Biotechnology CAS 436159-64-7), PPARγ antagonist (GW9662; Santa Cruz Biotechnology CAS 22978-25-2), and DGAT1 inhibitor (Cayman Chemicals A-922500).
The following compounds were synthesized: IKE as in Larraufie et al. (2015) (link), fer-1 and RSL3 as in Dixon et al. (2012) (link), and FIN56 as in Shimada et al. (2016) (link).
All compounds were dissolved in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich D8418). The fixed concentrations of compounds used was as follows (unless otherwise mentioned): 10 µM nutlin, 14 µM MEL23, 20 µM ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), 90 µM deferoxamine (DFO), and 5 µM MDMX inhibitor.
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2

Evaluating PPAR Agonists on Tadpole Growth

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Tadpoles with similar body mass were collected from the same population, and fed with su cient spirulina powder for three days. Then, tadpoles were randomly divided into groups and kept in plastic containers (20 × 15 × 8 cm, with 600 ml water) containing DMSO (control), beza brate (BEZ, agonist of PPARβ; 55 μM), rosiglitazone (RSG, agonist of PPARγ; 40 μM), and pirinixic acid (PIR, agonist of PPARα; 60 μM), respectively (purchased from Selleck). Treatment was lasted for six days without food. Water and drugs were replaced every two days. High drug concentrations were maintained to offset the decreased drug intake due to the reduced swallowing behavior during food deprivation. Drug concentrations were selected according to the EC 50 and cellular experiments [26-28].
To observe the effect of PIR on tadpole growth, tadpoles with similar body mass were treated with DMSO or PIR (2.5 and 5 μM), with the same condition mentioned above. Treatment was lasted for eight days, and food was provided su ciently. Water and drugs were replaced every day.
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