Promax 3d mid

Manufactured by Planmeca

Sourced in Finland

The ProMax 3D Mid is a diagnostic imaging device from Planmeca. It is designed to capture high-quality three-dimensional images of the dental and maxillofacial regions. The device utilizes cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology to generate detailed, volumetric scans.

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Lab products found in correlation

Solidworks, by Dassault Systèmes (2 mentions) Extaro 300, by Zeiss (1 mentions) Mimics 19, by Materialise (1 mentions) Mimics version 21, by Materialise (1 mentions) Cs 9300, by Carestream (1 mentions) Mimics v19, by Materialise (1 mentions) Orthophos sl, by Dentsply (1 mentions) 3d exam, by KaVo (1 mentions) Spss statistics version 22, by IBM (1 mentions) Barium sulphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Osirix software, by Pixmeo (1 mentions)

33 protocols using promax 3d mid

Comparative Evaluation of CBCT Devices' Performance

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A total of seven different CBCT machines; 3D Accuitomo 80 (J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan), 3D eXam (KaVo Dental, Biberach, Germany), Veraviewepocs 3D R100 (J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan), PaX-Duo3D (Vatech, Gyeonggi-do, Korea), Scanora 3Dx (Sorodex, Tuusula, Finland), ProMax 3D Mid (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) and Orthophos SL (Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany). The settings are listed in Table 1. The data were exported as DICOM-files.Table 1

CBCT devices and parameters used for the evaluation. FOV: field of view. Voxel size provided as stated by the manufacturer.

CBCT device	kV	mA	Scan-time (s)	FOV (mm)	Voxel size (mm)
3D Accuitomo 80 (J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan)	90	8	17.5	80 × 80	0.160
3D eXam (KaVo Dental, Biberach, Germany)	120	5	14.7	160 × 80	0.20
Veraviewepocs 3D R100 (J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan)	90	8	9.4	100 × 80	0.125
PaX-Duo3D (Vatech, Gyeonggi-do, Korea)	90	8	24	85 × 85	0.2
Sanora 3Dx (Sorodex, Tuusula, Finland)	90	8	20	100 × 80	0.15
ProMax 3D Mid (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland)	90	8	12	80 × 80	0.14
Orthophos SL (Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany)	85	7	14.2	80 × 80	0.160

Wolf T.G., Fischer F, & Schulze R.K. (2020). Correlation of objective image quality and working length measurements in different CBCT machines: An ex vivo study. Scientific Reports, 10, 19414.

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Facial Soft Tissue Thickness Measurement

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This research was approved by the Institutional Review Board, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India. CBCT images of 80 adults aged 18–80 years were randomly selected. Care was taken to exclude the scans of cases with swelling, trauma, facial deformities and those under orthodontic treatment. The scans were obtained using CBCT scanner (Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid; Planmeca Oy; Helsinki, Finland) with a voxel size of 0.3–0.4 mm and a field of view of 20 cm × 17 cm. All the cases were scanned with their Frankfurt Horizontal (FH) plane parallel to the floor with teeth in occlusion. The resulting DICOM data were imported into OnDemand3D software (Cybermed, Seoul, Korea) in the personal computer to measure the distance between a point on the skull surface to the corresponding point on the soft tissue image which gives FSTT at the respective anatomical points. A total of 34 landmarks (12 midline and 11 pairs of bilateral) were chosen according to Stephan and Simpson[20 (link)] [Figure 1]. The landmarks on the skull surface were located on the reconstructed 3D image first, and the corresponding soft tissue landmark was identified using the preset hard and soft tissue display tool. Further, the identified points were accurately marked using two of the three orthogonal sections (coronal-axial or sagittal-axial) depending on the location of the landmarks.

Meundi M.A, & David C.M. (2019). Application of cone beam computed tomography in facial soft tissue thickness measurements for craniofacial reconstruction. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP, 23(1), 114-121.

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3D Facial Imaging of Chinese Subjects

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In the present study, two Chinese subjects (1 male and 1 female, aged 20 years) with (a) straight profile; (b) average malar projection of approximately 2 mm beyond the anterior surface of the cornea [24 (link), 31 (link)]; (c) with no previous history of orthognathic surgery and (d) no facial anomalies, were selected from the orthodontic patient pool of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and three-dimensional (3-D) images of both the subjects were obtained within a month after the completion of orthodontic treatment.
3-D facial images of both the subjects were captured with Morpheus 3D scanner (Morpheus Co., Ltd., Korea). The patients were scanned for approximately 0.8 s while sitting upright with the head in a natural position and lips closed. Also, each subject underwent a CBCT scan using Planmeca (Planmeca, ProMax 3D Mid, Planmeca Oy Inc., Finland) with the full field of view (20.0 × 17.4 cm), 0.4 mm voxels, and with two 4.8 s scans to capture the complete dataset.

Woo H.K., Ajmera D.H., Singh P., Li K.Y., Bornstein M.M., Tse K.L., Yang Y, & Gu M. (2020). Evaluation of the relationship between malar projection and lower facial convexity in terms of perceived attractiveness in 3-dimensional reconstructed images. Head & Face Medicine, 16, 8.

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3D Modeling of Maxillary Premolar

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A recently extracted, non-carious, three-rooted maxillary first premolar with mature apices, normal root morphology and canal curvatures less than 20 degrees was selected. The tooth was anonymous and was extracted for periodontal reasons not related to this study. The tooth was cleaned and examined under 16X magnification by a dental operating microscope (Zeiss Extaro 300, Germany) to confirm the absence of any fractures or resorption defects. The selected premolar was scanned with a high-resolution Cone Beam Computed Tomography machine (PlanmecaProMax 3d MID; Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland), with endodontic mode, operating at 90 kV, 12 mA with a voxel dimension of 75 μm. A total of 668 images were generated and the data was obtained in the DICOM format images. Materialize interactive medical image control system (MIMICS 19.0; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) was then used to identify enamel and dentine, as well as produce the 3-dimensional (3D) model by forming masks and automatically growing threshold regions. Data were then optimized using the 3-Matic Medical 11.0 software (Materialise NV). SolidWorks (Dassault Systems, France) was used to combine enamel and dentine as well as to establish the surrounding bone.

Alshazly N., Nawar N.N., Plotino G, & Saber S. (2023). The Biomechanical Behaviour and Life Span of a Three-rooted Maxillary First Premolar with Different Access Cavity Designs: A Finite Element Analysis. European Endodontic Journal, 8(3), 231-236.

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3D Reconstruction of Maxillary Second Premolar

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An intact, single-rooted maxillary second premolar with confluent canals and a mature apex was scanned using high-resolution Cone Beam Computed Tomography machine (Planmeca ProMax 3d MID; Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) at 90 kV, 12 mA with a voxel dimension of 75 μm. Then, the generated DICOM images were 3D reconstructed using a Materialize interactive medical image control system (MIMICS version 21; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). The same software was used to identify enamel and dentin and produce the three-dimensional model by forming masks and automatically growing threshold regions. Data were then optimized using the 3-Matic Medical 11.0 software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). SolidWorks (Dassault Systemes, Paris, France) to combine enamel and dentin and establish the surrounding periodontal ligaments and the surrounding bone [15 (link)–17 (link)]_. Model validation was done according to Nawar et al. [17 (link)].

Abdelfattah R.A., Nawar N.N., Kataia E.M, & Saber S.M. (2023). How loss of tooth structure impacts the biomechanical behavior of a single-rooted maxillary premolar: FEA. Odontology, 112(1), 279-286.

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Measuring Palatal Perforations Using CBCT Scans

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We revised 2228 consecutive CBCT scans retrieved from Cliniques universitaires saint Luc (UCLouvain). We excluded 216 CBCT scans where the atlas (C1 vertebra) was not fully visible. Finally, we retained 2012 CBCT scans. No information was provided about the patient’s medical history or symptoms of disease in the head and neck area [11 (link)].
Measurements were performed by one observer twice with one-month interval of time between measurements. We used CBCT Planmeca Promax 3D Mid (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) with the following parameters: 90 kVp, 5.6 to 14 mAs, slices of 200 microns, and diverse fields of view: 16 × 6.2 cm, 16 × 10.2 cm, and 20 × 17.4 cm. Planmeca Romexis 5.1 software tools were used for the measurements. We worked only on 2D sagittal views where PP is best visible in clinical practice [14 (link)]. We performed two sets of measurements: height and width of the complete PP, and the surface of the PP using ellipse tool. The measurements were provided by the software in mm for diameters and in mm² for the area of PP (Figure 1). All the measurements were performed in the region of the smallest diameters and areas of the complete PP.

Olszewski R., Issa J, & Odri G.A. (2023). A New Classification of the Morphology of Complete Ponticulus Posticus on Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Diagnostics, 13(18), 3009.

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Retrospective CBCT Assessment of TMJ

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A retrospective study was conducted in our department. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the institutional ethical committee (Protocol ref. no 17130). Large field of view (FOV) CBCT scans (200 × 170 mm) of 119 patients in the age group of 18 to 50 years from September 2017 to September 2019 were obtained from the archives and assessed. Planmeca ProMax 3D mid (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) machine was used for capturing the CBCT scans in the occlusal state with the scan parameters being 90 kV and 8 mA with a slice thickness of 0.4 mm. The scans were analyzed using Romexis software version 4.6.2. Scans with a clear resolution and adequate coverage displaying bilateral TMJs, large FOV CBCT scans, and scans of individuals who are 18 years and above were included for the study. Scans of subjects with gross facial asymmetry, deformities, such as condylar hyperplasia/hypoplasia, history of previous orthognathic surgery, fracture of the condyle; patients with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, reactive arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematous; patients presenting with a history of any tumor or growth in the orofacial region that can influence the morphology of the condyle or affect the dimensions of the joint spaces, scans with inadequate clarity or resolution; and patients below 18 years of age were excluded from the study.

Ahmed J., Sujir N., Shenoy N., Binnal A, & Ongole R. (2021). Morphological Assessment of TMJ Spaces, Mandibular Condyle, and Glenoid Fossa Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Retrospective Analysis. The Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging, 31(1), 78-85.

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CBCT Imaging with Planmeca Promax 3DMid

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The cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans were acquired using the Promax 3DMid (Planmeca Oy., Helsinki, Finland) CBCT unit. The large FOV, low dose images that allowed complete visualization above the frontal sinuses were taken with the exposure parameters being 90 kVp, 5.6 mA, and exposure time of 18 seconds (DAP-925 mGy*cm2, CTDI-3.7 mGy). A slice thickness of 0.400 mm was used to assess the sections. The exposure parameters according to the standard default values were based on the FOV. The images were reconstructed using the Romexis software version 4.6.2.R (
ITK-SNAP 4.0 I can be used as an alternative).

Denny C., Bhoraskar M., Abdul Aziz Shaikh S., T S B., Sujir N, & Natarajan S. (2023). Investigating the link between frontal sinus morphology and craniofacial characteristics with sex: A 3D CBCT study on the South Indian population. F1000Research, 12, 811.

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Comparative CBCT Dosimetry Assessment

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CBCT examinations were performed with six different devices in standard and high dose settings, if available, to reproduce the large variety of the scanners used in clinical and practice settings: VistaVox S (Dürr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany), Orthophos SL 3D (Sirona, Wals, Austria), 3D Accuitomo 170 (Morita, Osaka, Japan), VGi evo (NewTom, Verona, Italy), ProMax 3D Mid (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland), CS 9300 (Carestream, Atlanta, GA, USA). Dose and FOV settings are shown in Table 1.

Reidelbach C.S., Neubauer J., Russe M.F., Kusterer J, & Semper-Hogg W. (2021). Evaluation of skin doses for cone-beam computed tomography in dentomaxillofacial imaging: A preclinical study. PLoS ONE, 16(7), e0254510.

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CBCT Imaging of Amalgam Restorations

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CBCT examination was performed using a Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid device (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland). Images of each block with and without amalgam restoration were acquired at four imaging modes: imaging Mode 1; 90 kV_p, 8 mA, 75 μm, imaging Mode 2; 80 kV_p, 7 mA, 75 μm, imaging Mode 3; 80 kV_p, 7 mA, 200 μm, and imaging Mode 4; 90 kV_p, 8 mA, 200 μm (Figures 3(a)–3(d)), both with and without using the Metal Artifact Reduction (MAR) algorithm. The acquired images were taken with a 3.7 cm field of view, voxel size 0.07 mm, and an image acquisition time of 10.8 s. The acquired data were reconstructed into images with a reconstructed sectional interval of 0.2 mm thickness. Observers used the Digital Image Communication in Medicine (DICOM) software to evaluate the reconstructed image slices on the reformatted planes.

Mehanny M., AlMohareb R.A, & Noujeim M. (2021). Effect of Amalgam Restorations and Operation Parameters on Diagnostic Accuracy of Caries Detection Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Study. Scanning, 2021, 2679012.

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