Teklad lm 485 mouse rat diet

Subjects were male and female ICR mice (Envigo, Frederick, MD) that were 6–8 weeks old upon arrival to the laboratory. ICR mice were used in this study because it is an outbred strain of mice and outbred strain of mice have been recommended as being advantageous in pain studies (41 (link)). Males weighed 27–50 g and females weighed 23–38 g throughout the study. Mice were generally housed in same-sex, littermate groups of three mice per cage with corncob bedding (Envigo), a “nestlet” composed of pressed cotton (Ancare, Bellmore, NY), a cardboard tube for enrichment, and ad libitum access to food (Teklad LM-485 Mouse/Rat Diet; Envigo). In some cases, males were split into smaller groups or isolated to minimize fighting. Cages were mounted in a RAIR HD Ventilated Rack (Laboratory Products, Seaford, DE) in a temperature-controlled room with a 12-hour light/dark cycle (lights on from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM) in a facility approved by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care. All experiments were performed during the light phase of the daily light/dark cycle beginning 1 week after arrival at the laboratory. Animal-use protocols were approved by the Virginia Commonwealth University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and complied with the National Research Council Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Male and female ICR mice (Envigo, Frederick, MD) were 6–8 weeks old upon arrival to the laboratory, where they were single-housed in cages with corncob bedding (Envigo), a “nestlet” composed of pressed cotton (Ancare, Bellmore, NY), a cardboard tube for enrichment, and ad libitum access to water and food (Teklad LM-485 Mouse/Rat Diet; Envigo). Cages were mounted in racks in temperature-controlled rooms with a 12-h light/dark cycle in a facility approved by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care. For mice in studies of locomotor activity and gastrointestinal transit, lights were on from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM, and mice were tested during the light phase of the light/dark cycle. Mice in studies of respiration were housed on a reversed light/dark cycle (lights on from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM), and tests were conducted during the dark phase of the cycle to reduce the probability of sleep and declining respiratory rates during testing as described previously (36 (link), 37 (link)). All studies began at least 1 week after arrival at the laboratory and were usually completed during the second week after arrival. Animal-use protocols were approved by the Virginia Commonwealth University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and complied with the National Research Council Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.