The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were cultured in a 1 : 1 mixture of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and Nutrient Mixture Ham's F12 medium and supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.1 mM nonessential amino acid, 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate, 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. All media and supplements were purchased from Gibco (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Cells were maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. In the experiment, cells were subcultured and plated onto appropriate culture plates. The number of cells to be subcultured was assessed under a phase-contrast microscope based on the exclusion of trypan blue dye. The cultured cells were maintained for 2 days to allow for adhering on the plates. Thereafter, cells were treated with α-mangostin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), MPP+ (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), or a combination of α-mangostin and MPP+ according to the experiment design.
α mangostin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
α-mangostin is a laboratory reagent used as a reference standard. It is a naturally occurring xanthone compound isolated from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana).
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
α glucosidase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetyl coa, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gapdh, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions)
Nadph, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Malonyl coa, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phospho akt ser473, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions)
Anti cleaved caspase 3, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions)
γ mangostin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Streptozotocin (stz), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lysozyme, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sorafenib, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Anti vimentin, by Bioworld Technology (1 mentions)
Anti β actin, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
23 protocols using α mangostin
1
SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Culture and Treatments
2
Development of α-Mangostin Nanoparticles
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The α-mangostin (MGN), ethyl cellulose (EC), dichloromethane (DCM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), α-glucosidase, acarbose, streptozotocin, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets, potassium bromide (KBr), lysozyme, dialysis membrane (10K MWCO), diethyl ether, and ethanol were procured from Merck KGaA (St. Louis, MO, USA) and were utilized without any additional purification.
3
Mangosteen Pericarp Ethanolic Extraction
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The extract samples used in this study were ethanolic extracts of mangosteen pericarp. The mangosteen pericarp was obtained from 7 regions in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The authentication of mangosteen was performed in Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makasar South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The reference standards of α-mangostin, γ-mangostin and gartanin were purchased from E. Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
4
Evaluating Pan-RAF Inhibitor Sorafenib
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The pan-RAF inhibitor Sorafenib was purchased from Bayer Corporation, West Haven, CT, and α-Mangostin was purchased from Sigma. Compounds were dissolved in DMSO and added directly to the culture medium of melanoma cells at the concentrations to be tested. Melanoma cells incubated with culture medium with vehicle (DMSO) served as controls.
5
Autophagy Regulation in Cell Signaling
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Acetyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, NADPH, DMSO, 3-methyladenine (3MA), 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA), and α-mangostin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) was purchased from Gibco (Beijing, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Every Green (Zhejiang, China). Antibodies of FAS, PARP, P62 and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Denvers, MA, USA). Antibodies of BIP and CHOP were purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA). Antibody of LC3B was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Antibodies of ATF6, PERK, and IRE1 were purchased from Cohesion (Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK).
6
PLGA Nanoparticles for α-Mangostin Delivery
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We have produced Mang-NPs as we described earlier26 (link). In brief, PLGA (50:50 PLGA, 14000–16000 MW, Sigma-Aldrich) nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating α-mangostin (Mang) were prepared using a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method26 (link). α-mangostin was purchased from the LKT (St. Paul, MN).
7
Screening Natural Compounds for TS Inhibitors
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The compounds selected to be tested were obtained from the in-house library of natural compounds organized and maintained by the group of Professor Bruno Botta of Sapienza University of Rome. In total, 865 compounds that composed the in-house library of natural products at the time of the study were screened in silico by molecular docking simulations. We used the above-mentioned library as a source of natural compounds endowed with high structural and chemical diversity, with the aim to identify novel chemotypes of TS inhibitors. α-Mangostin (21 ) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard samples of compounds 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , and 9 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and compared with the corresponding samples from the library. The compounds tested with cell cultures were prepared from stock solutions in corresponding cell culture media by adjusting the DMSO concentration to ≤ 0.05% (showing no significant effect on treated cells).
8
Investigating Hypoxia and EMT Markers
9
Fatty Acid Synthesis Regulation
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Acetyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, NADPH, DMSO, and α-mangostin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Life Technologies, Inc. (Gibco/BRL, Gaithersburg, MD). FAS antibody was obtained from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA). FAK, phosphor-FAKtyr397, AKT, phospho-AKTSer473, ERK1/2, phosphor-ERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204, Bax, Bcl-2, PARP and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Denvers, MA, USA).
10
Effects of α-Synuclein on Neuroinflammation
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The purified human α-synuclein was obtained from Biomart (Shanghai, China). Cell culture reagents were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY). Antibodies against IκB-α, p65, p-p65, MAP2, and β-actin were acquired from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA). IBA-1 was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Griess reagents were obtained from Beyotime (Jiangsu, China). IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α ELISA kits used in this study were obtained from Maibio (Shanghai, China). CCK-8 reagent was from Dojindo (Tokyo, Japan). α-Mangostin was bought from Sigma-Aldrich (USA).All compounds otherwise indicated were also purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
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