Ketamine hydrochloride

Manufactured by Henry Schein

Sourced in United States

Ketamine hydrochloride is a synthetic compound used as a general anesthetic and analgesic in veterinary medicine. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. The primary function of ketamine hydrochloride is to induce a trance-like state, providing sedation, pain relief, and immobilization in animals during medical procedures.

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Lab products found in correlation

Atropine drops, by Bausch & Lomb (1 mentions) Proparacaine drops, by Bausch & Lomb (1 mentions) Phenylephrine, by Bausch & Lomb (1 mentions) Xylazine, by Henry Schein (1 mentions) Sprague dawley rat, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions) Ketamine, by Henry Schein (1 mentions) Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride, by Orion Pharma (1 mentions)

4 protocols using ketamine hydrochloride

Ophthalmic Procedures in Long-Evans Rats

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All animal procedures were in accordance with protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Illinois Institute of Technology and with the principles embodied in the statement on the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research adopted by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Long-Evans male rats (250–200 g) were purchased from ENVIGO Laboratories (Indianapolis, IN, USA). Animals were anesthetized using 80 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Henry Schein Animal Health, Dublin, OH, USA) and 10 mg/kg xylazine (Henry Schein Animal Health) through intraperitoneal injection. Proparacaine drops (Bausch and Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) were used to anesthetize the corneas, followed by both phenylephrine (Bausch and Lomb) and atropine drops (Bausch and Lomb) to dilate the pupils. Heart rate and blood oxygen saturation were monitored with a pulse oximeter (8500 AV; Nonin Medical, Inc., Plymouth, MN, USA). Animals were placed on a heated stage to maintain a core body temperature of 37.5°C during any procedures and examinations.

Liu W., Tawakol A.P., Rudeen K.M., Mieler W.F, & Kang-Mieler J.J. (2020). Treatment Efficacy and Biocompatibility of a Biodegradable Aflibercept-Loaded Microsphere-Hydrogel Drug Delivery System. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 9(11), 13.

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Ketamine Dosage in Sprague-Dawley Rats

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Eight week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 225–260 g (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA), randomly pair-housed in Plexiglas cages (45.2 × 26.5 × 20.3 cm), were used in this study. Rats were maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle (lights off at 7:00 p.m.) with food and water available ad libitum except during testing. As the determination of the HR/LR phenotype was performed 5 days after reception at the vivarium, the distribution of HR/LR phenotypes among cages was random. Ketamine hydrochloride (Henry Schein Animal Health, Dublin, OH, USA) was dissolved in 0.9% sterile saline solution at 10 or 20 mg/kg and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). All experiments were performed during the first 6 hours of the light phase of the light/dark cycle and were all conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Animal Care and Use Committee of Florida State University and National Institute of Health guidelines.

Duclot F., Perez-Taboada I., Wright K.N, & Kabbaj M. (2016). Prediction of individual differences in fear response by novelty seeking, and disruption of contextual fear memory reconsolidation by ketamine. Neuropharmacology, 109, 293-305.

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Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Psychoactive Compounds

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Oxycodone and cocaine hydrochloride were provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse drug supply program (Rockville, MD). U50–488H, nalfurafine hydrochloride, and salvinorin A were provided by Dr. Thomas Prisinzano (University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY). Triazole 1.1 [2-(4-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-((4-methyl- 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine] was synthesized and provided by Dr. Bruce Blough at the Research Triangle Institute (Research Triangle Park, NC), and ketamine hydrochloride was purchased from Henry Schein, Inc. Oxycodone, nalfurafine, cocaine, and U50–488H were dissolved in 0.9% sterile saline, ketamine was diluted in 0.9% sterile saline, and salvinorin A and triazole 1.1 were dissolved in propylene glycol and diluted in 0.9% sterile saline to a final concentration of 80% propylene glycol. Each injection (3 ml) was passed through a 0.22 μm Millipore filter prior to administration.

Huskinson S.L., Platt D.M., Brasfield M., Follett M.E., Prisinzano T.E., Blough B.E, & Freeman K.B. (2020). Quantification of observable behaviors induced by typical and atypical kappa-opioid receptor agonists in male rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology, 237(7), 2075-2087.

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Proximal Femur Fracture in Mice

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The surgical procedure was conducted under general anesthesia, using 50 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Henry Schein Animal Health 100 mg/ml) at a ratio of 1:1 with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (Orion pharma, 0.5 mg/ml) and analgesia, using 0.05 mg/kg buprenorphine (0.03 mg/ml, injection every 6 hours). The experimental proximal femur fracture was applied as described previously (26 (link)). Briefly, a 24G cannula was introduced retrograde into the right femur to stabilize the fracture. Afterwards, a 0.5 cm skin incision was made along the femur. The femoral muscles were separated bluntly. Free access to the proximal femur bone was achieved by cutting the tendon insertion at the third trochanter. With a Gigli wire saw of 0.44 mm diameter, an osteotomy was induced between the third and the lesser trochanters, producing an intertrochanteric proximal femur fracture. Afterwards, the muscles were sutured with a Vicryl 5-0 suture. The skin was closed using a non-absorbable Resolon 5-0 suture. After the experimental procedure, mice were allowed to awake and to move freely directly after surgery. The animals were monitored over the entire observation period. After the respective observation periods of 6 and 24 h, the animals were euthanized by using carbon dioxide.

Lackner I., Weber B., Pressmar J., Odwarka A., Lam C., Haffner-Luntzer M., Marcucio R., Miclau T, & Kalbitz M. (2022). Cardiac alterations following experimental hip fracture - inflammaging as independent risk factor. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 895888.

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