Ammonium acetate

Acetonitrile of HPLC grade was purchased from J. T. Baker (USA). Ammonia (A.R), ammonium acetate (A.R), and ethanol (A.R) were acquired from Beijing Chemical works (China). Cation exchange resin (001*7) and macroporous resin (AB-8) were obtained from The Chemical Plant of Nankai University (Tianjin, China).
Animal feeds were purchased from Beijing Keaoxieli Animal Feed Company. Glucose (Glu) test kit (batch no.: 120521), triglyceride (TG) test kit (batch no.: 120631), and total cholesterol (CHO) test kit (batch no.: 120961) were purchased from Zhongsheng Beikong Biotech Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Alloxan (batch no.: 39H1482) was purchased from Sigma. Glucose (batch no.: 040302) was purchased from Beijing chemical reagents company (China). Rat serum insulin assay kit (batch no.: 20120701A) was purchased from R&D (MN, USA).
Roche complete mini protease inhibitor cocktail tablet (catalog no: 11836153001) was purchased from Roche (Indianapolis, USA). Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (catalog no: 36978) was purchased from Thermo fisher. Leupeptin (catalog no: 04906837001) is from Roche. Pierce BCA protein assay kit (catalog no. 23227, Thermo Scientific). Mouse anti-GAPDH monoclonal antibodies and goat anti-rabbit or mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugated with horseradish peroxidase were purchased from Beijing Tiandeyue Biotech Co., Ltd. (China).

Chromatographic-grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), formic acid was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), ammonium acetate and ethyl acetate were purchased from the Beijing Chemical Factory (Beijing, China), pydiflumetofen standard (purity 99.7%) was purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany), and 20% pydiflumetofen soluble concentrate (SC) was purchased from Syngenta Crop Protection Co., Ltd. (Kunshan, China).
Primary secondary amine (PSA, 40–60 μm), end-capped octadecyl carbon (C₁₈, 50 μm), and graphitized carbon black (GCB, 38–125 μm) were purchased from Agela Technologies (Shanghai, China); Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)–XFM40 (diameter 10–20 nm, length 5–30 μm), XFM25 (diameter 30–50 nm, length < 10 μm), and XFM04 (diameter 5–15 nm, length 0.5–2 μm) were purchased from Xianfeng Nanomaterials Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Wahaha Group Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China) supplied purified water. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) were purchased from Guangdong Xilong Science Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). Polyethylene centrifuge tubes of 5- and 50-mL volumes were purchased from Biosharp Corporation (Hefei, China), and an organic membrane of pore size 0.22 μm was purchased from Jinteng Experimental Equipment Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China).