Physisorption measurements with nitrogen were performed at 77 K with an ASAP 2020 MP analyzer (Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). The specific surface area for the obtained MOFs was calculated through the BET method [89 (link)]. Determination of the pore size distribution was achieved by the BJH method with Harkins–Jura and Faas correction [90 (link),91 (link)].
The structural changes of the Ho-MOFs were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an IRAffinity-1S spectrometer (Shimadzu, St. Petersburg, Russia) and an attenuated total reflectance accessory (PIKE Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia) in the range of 400–4000 cm−1 at 25 °C in KBr matrix.
The morphology of the developed Ho-MOFs was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a Zeiss Merlin SEM (Carl Zeiss SMT, Oberkochen, Germany) at an accelerating voltage of 1 kV and electron beam current of 100 pA to prevent surface charging.