Cinnamtannin B-1 was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences, Inc., (New York, NY, USA). The target-verified inhibitors including LOPAC1280 used in the inhibition assay were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Corp., (St. Louis, MO, USA). The PI3K and PKC inhibitors (LY294002 and Gö6983, respectively) were purchased from EMD Millipore Corp., (Billerica, MA, USA). The phospholipase C (PLC), lipoxygenase (LOX), and purine inhibitors (U-73343, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and azathioprine, respectively) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Corp., (St. Louis, MO, USA).
The biflavonoids used were procyanidins and biflavonoids from Cupressus and Garcinia [25 ,26 ], which are similar to the procyanidins. Procyanidin A2, procyanidin B1, and cupressuflavone were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). For the monomeric flavonoids and polyphenols, (+)-catechin was purchased from Nagara Science Co., Ltd., (Gifu, Japan). Genistein was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp., (St. Louis, MO, USA). Caffeic and gallic acids were obtained from LKT Laboratories, Inc., (St. Paul, MN, USA).
The biflavonoids used were procyanidins and biflavonoids from Cupressus and Garcinia [25 ,26 ], which are similar to the procyanidins. Procyanidin A2, procyanidin B1, and cupressuflavone were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). For the monomeric flavonoids and polyphenols, (+)-catechin was purchased from Nagara Science Co., Ltd., (Gifu, Japan). Genistein was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp., (St. Louis, MO, USA). Caffeic and gallic acids were obtained from LKT Laboratories, Inc., (St. Paul, MN, USA).