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25 protocols using sucrose

1

Tissue Immunofluorescence Staining Protocol

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Tissue samples were perfused with cold 4% paraformaldehyde/PBS and fixed overnight, dehydrated in 15% sucrose (Sangon, Shanghai, China) for 8 h and 30% sucrose overnight at 4 °C, embedded in OCT, and cut into 10-μm-thick sections. Sections were blocked in Immunol Staining Blocking Buffer (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) for 1 h, and then incubated with primary antibodies (Supplemental Table 1) overnight at 4 °C and with secondary antibodies (Supplemental Table 2) for 1 h at room temperature. Nuclear DNA was stained using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Invitrogen, USA).
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2

Optimizing Strawberry Seed Germination

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The diploid strawberry 'Hawaii-4' (Fragaria vesca) plants were grown in green house at 25 ± 1 ℃. The seeds were taken from ripe fruits and residual receptacle was removed, then the seeds were put at room temperature to dry for 1-2 d. The dried seeds are put into 2-mL tube and stored at 4 ℃ for use. Seeds were sterilized by 1% sodium hypochlorite for 8 min and washed with sterile water three times. The sterilized seeds were transferred onto MS-germination medium [4.43 g/L MS (Phyto Technology Laboratories M519), 2% sucrose (Sangon, China), 0.8% agar (Sangon, China), pH 5.8], and left at 4 ℃ for 24 h to break dormancy. The dormancy-broken seeds were treated with three test treatments: light culture in a light incubator (PRX-350C, Sdfu, China), dark culture wrapped with tin foil, and light culture after 2 days of dark culture. The seed culture condition in light incubator is as a 16 h photoperiod with a light intensity of 30,000 LX (250µmol•m-2•s-1) at 24 ℃. Each treatment was inoculated with 20 seeds (three repeats) for germination.
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3

Pollinator Nutrition Protocol: Pollen, Yeast, and Sucrose

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In total, three treatments were designed to carry out this experiment. The pollen group was reared on rape pollen harvested from the Biological Garden of Nanchang University. The yeast extract (FMB grade) and sucrose (molecular biology grade) were purchased from the Sangon Biotech Company. In the pollen + yeast group, pollen and yeast were mixed in a 2:1 ratio. In the pollen + yeast + sucrose group, pollen, yeast, and sucrose were mixed in a 2:1:1 ratio (each individual was fed about 1 g per day).
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4

Sucrose Hydrolysis Assay by GmCWI4 Recombinant Protein

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GmCWI4 recombinant protein was kindly gifted by Su et al. [40 (link)]. CSVI1 or GmCWI4 protein was incubated with 110–500 mM sucrose (Sangon, Shanghai, China) in 50 mM NaOAc (Sangon, Shanghai, China) buffer, pH 5.0 at 37 °C for different time intervals. After incubation, the reaction was stopped by heating at 95 °C for 5 min. Released fructose and glucose were determined using HPAEC-PAD as described in Wei et al. [60 (link)]. In parallel, glucose and fructose were also determined using a coupled spectrophotometric enzyme assay as described in Link et al. [58 (link)]. All enzyme measurements were performed under conditions in which activities were proportional to enzyme amounts and incubation times.
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5

Citrullus lanatus Suspension Cell Culture

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Suspension cells of Citrullus lanatus were generated from tender leaves and cultivated in liquid medium containing 4.43 g l−1 Murashige & Skoog (MS) Basal Medium, Vitamins (PhytoTechnology LaboratoriesTM, United States), 30 g l−1 sucrose (Sangon, Shanghai, China), 1 mg l−1 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) (Sigma, Shanghai, China), and 0.2 mg l−1 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (Sigma, Shanghai, China), pH 5.85. The suspension cells were incubated at 25°C in darkness on an orbital shaker (Kuhner Shaker, ISF4-X, Switzerland) at 150 rpm. The cells were subcultivated every 7 days by inoculating 5 ml of stationary cells into 15 ml of fresh medium in 50 ml Erlenmeyer flasks.
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6

Cardiac Tissue Isolation and Analysis

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The rats identified to have successfully developed heart failure following treatment with ADR were anesthetized using 10% chloral hydrate (0.3 ml/100 g [lethal dose); Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd.] and then immediately subjected to thoracotomy. The rat hearts were rapidly eviscerated, and residual blood was removed using ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer. The large blood vessels and surrounding tissues were removed with scissors. Approximately one half of the hearts were packed in cryogenic vials (Dingguo Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), rapidly frozen with liquid nitrogen and transferred to a −80°C refrigerator. The remaining half was placed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd.) for fixation for 12 h, followed by gradient dehydration with 20 and 30% sucrose (myocardial cells can sink to the bottom) purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. Tissue sections (thickness, 10 µm using a microtome from Dingguo Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) were frozen using a cryostat frozen section machine (CM1900; Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and used for masson staining (cat no. HT15-1KT; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 37°C for 30 min, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.
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7

Shushanggan Apricot Fruit Harvest and Storage

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‘Shushanggan apricot’ fruits were harvested in the experimental plot located at Sanyuan, Shaanxi Province, China (34.5414° N, 108.8328° E). The young apricot fruits, born in the same inflorescence and with the consistent florescence were selected to be registered and marked (Figure 5). During the 2021 harvest season (from the 26 March to 14 June), the immature green (G), color-changing (CC I and CC II) and full mature (M) fruits were collected, and the fruit color could be distinguished at 29, 65, 72 and 81 days after flowering (DAF), respectively.
The fresh fruits, with uniform size, color and maturity, and without mechanical damage, were washed with distilled water, immediately put into liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C in the ultra-low temperature freezer for further use.
Chemical standards (fructose, glucose, sucrose, malic acid and citric acid) were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.(Shanghai, China). Other reagents are analytically pure, purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Shanghai Co., Ltd.
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8

Optimizing Strawberry Seed Germination

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The diploid strawberry 'Hawaii-4' (Fragaria vesca) plants were grown in green house at 25±1 ℃. The seeds were taken from ripe fruits and residual receptacle was removed, then the seeds were put at room temperature to dry for 1-2 d. The dried seeds are put into 2-mL tube and stored at 4 ℃ for use. Seeds were sterilized by 1 % sodium hypochlorite for 8 min and washed with sterile water three times. The sterilized seeds were transferred onto MS-germination medium [4.43 g/L MS (Phyto Technology Laboratories M519), 2 % sucrose (Sangon, China), 0.8 % agar (Sangon, China), pH 5.8], and left at 4 ℃ for 24 h to break dormancy. The dormancy-broken seeds were treated with three test treatments: light culture in a light incubator (PRX-350C, Sdfu, China), dark culture wrapped with tin foil, and light culture after 2 days of dark culture.
The seed culture condition in light incubator is as a 16 h photoperiod with a light intensity of 30,000 LX (250μmol•m-2•s-1) at 24 ℃. Each treatment was inoculated with 20 seeds (three repeats) for germination.
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9

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

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HAuCl4.4H2O was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Cellulase, pepsin, trypsin and AA were obtained from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Histidine, threonine, lysine, glycine, glutathione (GSH), maltose, sucrose, glucose and metal ions were acquired from Sangon Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All reagents were of analytical purity and used directly. Milli-Q purified water prepared by the PR03200 ultra-pure water meter (Zhongshan Keningte Cleaning Supplies Co., Ltd.) was utilized in all experiments.
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10

Effects of Carbon Sources on Vibrio alginolyticus Growth

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The bacterial strain, V. alginolyticus V12G01, used in this study came from a collection of our laboratory. V. alginolyticus V12G01 was subcultured in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium with or without 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CAZ (0.1 µg/mL) for serial passages, which led to generation of 16 MIC CAZ-resistant V. alginolyticus (VA-RCAZ) and control (VA-S), respectively. A single colony was propagated in 3% NaCl LB (tryptone 10 g/L, yeast extract 5 g/L, NaCl 30 g/L) broth for 8 hours at 30°C. The cultures were diluted to 1:100 using fresh 3% NaCl LB medium and grown at 30°C. For growth curve, OD600 of the bacterial cultures was measured at the indicated time. For effect of carbon sources on bacterial growth, OD600 of the bacterial cultures was measured at 10 hours in medium with the indicated concentration of Glucose, xylitol, fructose, sucrose, mannose, or maltose. Glucose, xylitol, fructose, and maltose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and sucrose and mannose were provided by Sangon Biotech. At least three biologic replicates were performed.
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