Full auto tonometer tx f

All subjects received a comprehensive clinical ophthalmologic examination that included refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR), and slit lamp biomicroscopy. The SE of the refractive error was defined as the spherical dioptric power plus one-half of the cylindrical dioptric power. AL was measured with an IOL Master 500 (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany). Non-contact IOP was measured by a Full Auto Tonometer TX-F (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), and fundus photographs (Fig. 1A) were taken with a 45-degree digital retinal camera (Canon EOS 10D SLR backing; Canon, Inc., Tokyo, Japan).

All participants underwent a standardized clinical interview and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including intraocular pressure (IOP), AL, RE, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, color fundus photography, and measurement of ChT using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT; model DRI OCT-1 Atlantis; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). The IOP was measured with a Full Auto Tonometer (TX-F; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), and AL measurements were performed using Lenstar (Haag-Streit AG, Koeniz, Switzerland). Additional measurements were performed using the IOL Master (Carl Zeiss, Tubingen, Germany) when the AL exceeded the maximum 32-mm range of the Lenstar. The AL was measured five times, and the mean values were used for statistical analysis. The RE assessment was performed using an autorefractor machine (model KR-8900; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) without cycloplegia and was calculated as the sphere value plus half a cylinder value. Height and weight were measured as well, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the following formula: weight (kg) / [height (m)]².

All the participants underwent comprehensive clinical interviews and ophthalmic examinations, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, assessment of SE using an autorefractor instrument (model KR-8900; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), measurement of the IOP (Full Auto Tonometer TX-F; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), AL measurement with an optical low-coherence reflectometer (Lenstar LS-900; Haag-Streit AG, Koeniz, Switzerland), and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT; model DRI OCT-1 Atlantis; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). In the SS-OCT scanning protocols, we used a 12-line radial scan pattern centered on the fovea and the optic disc with a scan length of 9 mm and a 256-line 3-dimensional scan pattern with scan dimensions of 12 × 9 × 2.6 mm³. An experienced optometrist performed the subjective refraction measurements in all participants. The SE was obtained as the spherical power plus a half of the cylindrical power.

All participants were interviewed regarding their medical history, and underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, included measurement of BCVA, refractive status using an auto refractometer (Auto Kerato-refractometer KR-8800; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), AL using an IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Inc, Jena, Germany), IOP using non-contact tonometer measurements (Full Auto Tonometer TX-F; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), slip-lamp biomicroscopy examination, fundus examination (TRC-NW200, Topcon), together with measurements of RNFL and GCC thickness (RTVue-XR OCT; Optovue Inc, Fremont, California, USA). Calculation of the mean spherical equivalence (MSE) using the spherical dioptre plus one-half of the cylindrical dioptric power for later analysis. IOP, pulse rate (PR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured at the time of OCT imaging. BP amplitude was calculated as the systolic BP (SBP) minus the diastolic BP (DBP). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated with the following formula: MAP=DBP+0.42 (SBP−DBP).24–26 (link) The ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) was calculated by subtracting the IOP from the two-third of the MAP.27 (link)