Li2so4 h2o

Manufactured by Merck Group

Li2SO4·H2O is a chemical compound that consists of lithium, sulfur, and water. It is a crystalline solid that is used as a laboratory reagent.

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5 protocols using li2so4 h2o

Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenide Compounds

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All materials were used as received without further purification. NiSO₄ ⋅ 6H₂O (ReagentPlus, >99 % pure), FeSO₄ ⋅ 7H₂O (ReagentPlus, >99 % pure), NaMoO₄ ⋅ 2H₂O (ACS reagent, >99 % pure), NaOH (99.99 % trace metals, semiconductor grade), KOH (ACS reagent, >85 % pure, ca. 15 % H₂O), Thioacetamide (ACS reagent, >99 % pure), NaOH (99.99 %, trace metals, semiconductor grade), LiOH ⋅ H₂O (99.95 %, trace metals), Na₂SO₄ (ACS reagent, ≥99.0 %), K₂SO₄ (ReagentPlus, ≥99.0 %), Li₂SO₄ ⋅ H₂O (BioUltra, ≥99.0 %) and Na₃C₆H₅O₇ ⋅ 2H₂O (sodium citrate, ACS reagent, >99 % pure) were received from Sigma Aldrich. NH₃ 28–30 % (ACS reagent, ph. Eur. for analysis) was obtained from Emsure. In all experiments deionized water was used.

Wijten J.H., Garcia‐Torregrosa I., Dijkman E.A, & Weckhuysen B.M. (2020). Basicity and Electrolyte Composition Dependent Stability of Ni‐Fe‐S and Ni‐Mo Electrodes during Water Splitting. Chemphyschem, 21(6), 518-524.

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Synthesis of Aqueous Electrolytes

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ZnSO₄.7H₂O (>99.0%), Li₂SO₄·H₂O (>99.0%), and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na, A.R.> 99.0%) were prepared from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. All reagents were used directly without further purification. All aqueous electrolytes used deionized water as the solvent.

Jiang Y., Xia X., Qian S., Zhang J., Zhou P., Gu X., Tian S., Qian Y., Ji H., Liu J, & Qian T. (2022). Eliminating Stubborn Insulated Deposition by Coordination Effect to Boost Zn Electrode Reversibility in Aqueous Electrolyte. Frontiers in Chemistry, 10, 851973.

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Synthesis of Transition Metal Compounds

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All materials were used as received without further purification. NiSO₄⋅6 H₂O (ReagentPlus, >99 % pure), NaMoO₄⋅2 H₂O (ACS reagent, >99 % pure), NaOH (99.99 % trace metals, semiconductor grade), KOH (ACS reagent, >85 % pure), LiOH⋅H₂O (99.95 % trace metals), Na₂SO₄ (ACS reagent, ≥99.0 %), K₂SO₄ (ReagentPlus, ≥99.0 %), Li₂SO₄⋅H₂O (BioUltra, ≥99.0 %), and Na₃C₆H₅O₇⋅2 H₂O (sodium citrate, ACS reagent, >99 % pure) were received from Sigma–Aldrich. NH₃ 28–30 % (ACS reagent, ph. Eur. for analysis) was obtained from Emsure. In all experiments deionized water was used.

Wijten J.H., Riemersma R.L., Gauthier J., Mandemaker L.D., Verhoeven M.W., Hofmann J.P., Chan K, & Weckhuysen B.M. (2019). Electrolyte Effects on the Stability of Ni−Mo Cathodes for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Chemsuschem, 12(15), 3491-3500.

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Synthetic Leach Solution Preparation for LIB Recycling

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Synthetic PLS was prepared to mimic the real PLS from the leaching of LiCoO₂-rich battery waste^{17 ,19}, Table 1. The reagents used were Li₂SO₄∙H₂O (Sigma Life Science, ≥ 99%), NiSO₄∙6H₂O (Alfa Aesar, 98%), MnSO_4∙H₂O (VWR chemicals, ACS/Reag. Ph.Eur.), CoSO₄∙7H₂O (Alfa Aesar, 98%), Al₂(SO₄)₃∙14–18 H₂O (Alfa Aesar, 97 + %), CuSO₄∙5H₂O (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥ 98%), Fe₂(SO₄)₃∙nH₂O (VWR chemicals, GPR Rectapur). Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, 95–97%, VWR Chemicals) was used to prepare the leach solution with a target concentration of 0.313 M H₂SO₄. Furthermore, it is assumed that copper removal was conducted prior to Fe–Al-hydroxide precipitation, therefore only traces of dissolved copper (ca. 100 ppm) was present in the initial synthetic PLS.Table 1

Synthetic PLS composition (g/L).

Li⁺	Ni²⁺	Mn²⁺	Co²⁺	Al³⁺	Cu²⁺	Fe³⁺
6.7	3.6	3.1	47	0–4	0.1	1.3

Chernyaev A., Wilson B.P, & Lundström M. (2021). Study on valuable metal incorporation in the Fe–Al precipitate during neutralization of LIB leach solution. Scientific Reports, 11, 23283.

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Gravimetric Analysis of Borates

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All solutions were prepared
by mass, using an analytical balance with an uncertainty of ±1
× 10^–4 g (Denver Instrument Co. Model AA-200).
The reagents used were H₃BO₃ (Acros Organics,
99.99%), Na₂SO₄ (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.0%),
and Li₂SO₄·H₂O (Sigma-Aldrich,
99.0% dry basis). Boric acid, sodium sulfate, and lithium sulfate
were dried to constant weight in an oven at 60, 100, and 120 °C,
respectively. Distilled and deionized water produced with a Milli-Q
Plus apparatus (Millipore Bedford, MA, USA) was used in all procedures.

Alavia W., Seidel-Morgenstern A., Hermsdorf D., Lorenz H, & Graber T.A. (2023). Real-Time Crystal Growth Monitoring of Boric Acid from Sodium or Lithium Sulfate Containing Aqueous Solutions by Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS Omega, 8(12), 10822-10835.

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