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14 protocols using goat anti mbp

1

Immunohistochemistry for Neural Cell Markers

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The following primary antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry: rabbit anti-active caspase-3 (1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom), rabbit anti-DCX (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (1:500; Agilent, Santa Clara, CA), goat anti-Olig2 (1:50; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), rabbit anti-Iba1 (1:500; Fuji-Wako, Osaka, Japan), rabbit anti-Ki67 (1:500; Abcam), goat anti-MBP (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), rat anti-MBP (1:1,000; Abcam), mouse anti-NeuN (1:100; Merck-Millipore, Burlington, MA), and rat anti-NG2 (1:500; Abcam). The conjugated secondary antibodies were donkey anti-rabbit, anti-rat, anti-mouse, and anti-goat antibodies (Alexa Fluor 488, 568, and 647; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) at a dilution of 1:500. For the EdU reaction, azide-modified dyes (Alexa Fluor 488 and 594 azide; Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used.
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2

Western Blotting for Protein Expression Analysis

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The cells were lysed using RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, P0013B) with freshly added 1% phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, Amresco, O754) solution. Protein concentration was determined using Coomassie brilliant Blue G-250. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were carried out as reported previously (Niu et al., 2012a (link)). Proteins were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes and visualized by chemiluminescence (ECL Plus, GE Healthcare, Marlborough, MA, USA) after incubation with the antibodies. β-actin was used as the loading control. Quantification of band intensity was performed using ImageJ software. The primary antibodies included the following: rabbit polyclonal anti-RyR3 (1:1000, Millipore), rabbit polyclonal anti-platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα; 1:1000, Santa Cruz, sc-338), mouse anti-2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide-3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase; 1:1000, Abcam, ab6319), goat anti-MBP (1:1000, Santa Cruz) and mouse anti-β-actin (1:2000, Santa Cruz, sc-47778). The secondary antibodies included the following: goat anti-mouse-HRP (1:2000, Santa Cruz, sc-2094), goat anti-rabbit-HRP (1:2000, Santa Cruz, sc-2313) and rabbit anti-goat-HRP (1:2000, Santa Cruz, sc-2020).
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injury

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The brain was removed by fixed infusion with 4% paraformaldehyde and then immersed in 30% sucrose in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Serial sections were cut on a freezing microtome, blocked, and incubated in the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti-Iba1 (diluted 1:500, Wako, 019-19741), goat anti-GFAP (diluted 1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-6171), goat anti-MBP (diluted 1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-13914), and rabbit anti-neurofilament 200 (NF200) (1:200; Sigma-Aldrich; Cat.: N4142). After washing, the sections were incubated with the appropriate fluorescent secondary antibody (AlexaFluor-488- and AlexaFluor-555-conjugated antibodies (diluted 1:1000, Invitrogen)) and counterstained with DAPI. Images of the surrounding haematoma in each section were captured by a Zeiss microscope (Zeiss, LSM780, Germany). The microscopic field around the haematoma was analysed in three brain slices randomly selected under the blinded principle.
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4

Multimarker Immunofluorescence of Brain Tissue

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After blocking with 5% bovine serum albumin in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 for 1 h, free-floating coronal sections (25 μm) were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight followed by the appropriate secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature. The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-Iba1 (1:1000, Wako Diagnostics), goat anti-MBP (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-NF200 (1:500, Abcam), and rabbit anti-GFAP (1:500, Dako). Images were acquired via EVOS FL fluorescent microscope (Invitrogen).
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5

Myelin Sheath and Dendrite Integrity in ICH

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Immunostaining for MBP and MAP-2 was employed to study the integrity of the myelin sheath and the dendrites around the hematoma post-ICH induction. Animals from each group were sacrificed at day 7 or 14 post-ICH induction (n = 5 or 6/group at each time point). Briefly, rats were deeply anesthetized and transcardially perfused with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 4% buffered paraformaldehyde (pH 7.4). Rats’ brains were rapidly removed, post fixed in 4% formalin for 24 hours, and then cryoprotected in 30% sucrose for 3–4 days at 4 °C. Next, brains were embedded in an optimal cutting temperature compound (SAKURA, Japan) and cryosectioned through the coronal direction at 18-mm thickness. Sections were then permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100 in PBS for 30 min, blocked with 5% bovine serum for 1 hour, and incubated at 4 °C overnight with primary antibodies: goat anti-MBP (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and mouse anti-MAP-2 (1:200, Merck Millipore). The specimens were incubated with appropriate secondary antibodies for 3 hours at 37 °C. Immunofluorescence was examined under a fluorescent microscope (LSM780, Zeiss, Jena, Germany), and the number of axons per field was counted using Image-pro plus software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, US).
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6

Histological Analysis of Sciatic Nerve

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For hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic nerves were dissected and postfixed in 10% formalin for 24 h at 4°C. Sciatic nerves were cut into three segments: proximal, injury site, and distal. Samples were then dehydrated in ethanol followed by xylene and embedded in paraffin. Sciatic nerve segments were cut transversely into 4-µm sections using a microstat (Leica Biosystems). Sciatic nerve sections were deparaffinized with xylene and rehydrated through a graded ethanol series to water before H&E staining (Sigma-Aldrich). For MBP staining, the sections were subjected to pretreatment with EDTA, pH 9.0, for 30 min. Sections were then incubated overnight with the primary antibody goat anti-MBP (1:1,000; sc-13912; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.). Immunostaining was visualized by an avidin–biotin complex method, followed by light counterstaining with hematoxylin. For the axonal visualization, 10-µm sections were cut and stained according to Palmgren’s silver stain method. Staining with Masson’s trichrome stain was performed as per the manufacturer’s protocol (Abcam).
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7

Protein Expression Analysis by Immunoblotting

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Cultured cells or tissues were solubilized in sample buffer, and the protein concentration of each sample was determined using a Beyotime protein assay kit with bovine serum albumin as the standard. Immunoblot analysis (30 μg of protein per lane) was conducted using a 4–10% SDS gradient polyacrylamide gel followed by a standard blotting procedure. Primary antibodies that selectively recognize goat anti-MBP (1 : 250; Santa Cruz; Cat: sc-13914, USA) and actin (1 : 2000, Santa Cruz, USA) were used. Images of the blots were analyzed using ImageJ software (NIH, USA).
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8

Immunostaining of cell lines

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Cell lines were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS, and stained as above, however secondary antibodies were fluorescently conjugated (Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA). The following primary antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry and/or immunofluorescent staining: goat anti-MBP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-PLP (Millipore, Billerica, MA), rabbit anti-Nrf2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rat anti-HO-1 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), mouse anti-SHP-1 (R&D Systems), rabbit anti-Olig2 (Millipore) and goat-anti SOX10 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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9

Immunofluorescence Staining of Neural Markers

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Free floating sections were blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.5% Triton-X 100 for 1 h at room temperature and then sequentially incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C and the fluorescent-dye-conjugated secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. Primary antibodies included: rabbit anti-NG2 (1:200, Millipore, Temecula, CA, United States), goat anti-MBP (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, United States), mouse anti-CC1 (1:500, EMD Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), rabbit anti-HDAC1 (1:200, Invitrogen, Cat: # PA1-860), goat anti-GFAP (1:500, Santa Cruz, Cat: sc-6170), rabbit anti-Iba1 (1:600, Wako, Cat: 019-19741), mouse anti-Vimentin (1:500, Thermo, Cat. # MS-129-R7), Rat anti-CD68 (1:500, abcam, ab53444). Appropriate Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies included: donkey anti-mouse, rabbit anti-goat, donkey anti-rat, donkey anti-rabbit IgG (1:1,000, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, United States). DAPI (1:1,000, Invitrogen).
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10

Spinal Cord Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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Following intracardiac perfusion with Tyrode’s and 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), spinal columns were removed, post-fixed for 3 days in PFA, decalcified in 0.5 M EDTA for 4 days, cryoprotected in 30% sucrose, and embedded and frozen in OCT (Cellpath). 12 µm sections were blocked with Avidin B and biotin (Vector Labs) before staining with the following primary and secondary antibodies: goat anti-MBP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-goat IgG (Life Technologies), rat anti-CD45 (eBiosciences), Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated goat anti-rat (Life Technologies), mouse anti-SMI-32 (Covance), and Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. DAPI (Life Technologies) was used to label nuclei. Images were acquired on a Nikon Eclipse Ti, CoolSnap EZ camera, and NIS Elements: Basic Research v3.10. Appropriate image processing, including image merging and black level and brightness adjustments, was performed in Photoshop CC 2017 and applied equally to all samples.
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