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26 protocols using high five

1

Optimized Insect and Mammalian Cell Culture

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Insect Sf-9 (Invitrogen) and High Five (Invitrogen) cells were routinely subcultured at 0.4–1 × 106 cell/mL every 3–4 days when cell density reached 2–3x106cell/mL, as described elsewhere (Fernandes et al., 2020 (link)). Insect-XPRESSTM (Sartorius) and Sf-900TM II SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) media were used to culture Sf-9 and High Five cells, respectively. Human HEK293-E6 cells (NRC) (Durocher, 2002 (link)) were routinely subcultured to 0.5–0.6 × 106 cells/mL every 3–4 days when cell density reached 2–3 × 106 cells/mL in 125- or 500-mL shake flasks (20% working volume, w/v) in an Innova 44R incubator (orbital motion diameter of 2.54 cm Eppendorf) at 37°C with 5% CO2 and stirring rates of 75 or 90 rpm. FreeStyle F17 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) media, supplemented with 4 mM GlutaMAX™ (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 0.1% of Pluronic™ F-68 (Life Technologies), and 25 µg/mL of Geneticin were used to culture the HEK293 cells.
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2

Production and Purification of QUAD 3.0 Protein

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QUAD 3.0 protein consists of IL-13.E13K in the N-terminal end, CH2-CH3 regions of the human IgG1, and eA5 followed by a cysteine at the C-terminal end of the protein. QUAD 3.0 was produced in High FiveTM (Thermo Fischer, Waltham, MA) cells as described previously [46 (link),85 (link)]. Briefly, the gene for QUAD 3.0 was cloned into pMIB V5 His A vector (Thermo Fischer, Waltham, MA, USA). The modified plasmid was introduced in High FiveTM cells using Cellfectin II reagent (Thermo Fischer, Waltham, MA, USA) as described by the manufacturer. Blasticidin was used to select the transfected insect cells. The protein was secreted and the QUAD 3.0-containing media, which was collected. QUAD 3.0 was purified on a HiTrap® Protein G HP (GE, Boston, MA, USA) using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) (GE, Boston, MA, USA) system.
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3

GTPγS Binding Assay for β2AR

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Membranes were prepared from High Five (Invitrogen) or Sf9 cells expressing β2AR or mutants and Gsαβγ. Typically, membranes (2–5 μg) were pretreated with guanosine diphosphate (final assay concentration of 10 μM) in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2 and 1 mM ascorbic acid) and different concentrations of AS408 for 20 min at room temperature before adding [35S]GTPγS (for a final concentration of 0.1 nM) with a range of concentrations of agonist (epinephrine or norepinephrine). For most cases the assays were incubated at room temperature for a period of 1 h before stopping by rapid filtration through GF/B membranes and washing with ice-cold assay buffer. To determine the KB for AS408 on β2AR and mutants, assay times were reduced to 10 min at 30 °C, to avoid saturating [35S]GTPγS binding to Gs. Assays were performed in a 96-well microplate format and radioactivity was measured using a TopCount (Packard). All data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6.0 (GraphPad).
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4

Heterotrimeric G-protein and Nanobody Purification

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Gs and Go heterotrimer were expressed in HighFive™ (Invitrogen) insect cells using recombinant baculovirus and purified by chromatography on Ni-NTA, MonoQ, and Superdex 200 resin, as previously described31 (link). Nanobodies were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified as previously described11 (link),14 (link),27 (link).
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5

Purification of GGTase3 and FBXL2-SKP1 Complexes

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The DNAs encoding human GGTase3 heterodimer (PTAR1-RabGGTB) and FBXL2-SKP1 were subcloned into pFastBac vectors for protein co-expression in High Five (Invitrogen) monolayer insect cells. Among all four recombinant proteins, PTAR1 was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) N-terminal fusion protein and the tetrameric complex of GGTase3-FBXL2-SKP1 was isolated by glutathione affinity chromatography using buffer containing 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl and 1.0 mM DTT (dithiothreitol). The eluted tetrameric complex was further purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, after overnight TEV (tobacco etch virus) protease cleavage, in a final buffer containing 20 mM HEPES pH7.5, 150 mM NaCl and 2.0 mM DTT. The protein sample was concentrated and flash frozen for crystallization. For testing the binding activity of FBXL2-SKP1 with GGTase3 and its geranylgeranylation by GGTase3, the two individual protein complexes of FBXL2-SKP1 and GGTase3 were expressed in E. coli with the affinity tags fused on PTAR1 and FBXL2, respectively. The proteins were isolated and purified similarly as the tetrameric complex by three steps of affinity, anion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. The affinity tag may be left on the proteins for the purposes of assays.
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6

MiRNA Regulation of Baculovirus Genes

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At temperature of 27°C, Trichoplusia ni cell line High Five (Invitrogen, USA) was cultured in Express Five medium (Invitrogen, USA) with 1.8 mM/mL l-glutamine (Invitrogen, USA) were cultured. The cells were co-transfected with a synthesized miRNA mimic (300 nM) and pIZ/EGFP consisting of 3′UTR of wsv459 or wsv322 (6 µg/mL) at about 70% confluence. The miRNA mimic was synthesized by T7 Kit siRNA Synthesis (TaKaRa, Japan). All experiments of transfection were accomplished with Cellfectin (Invitrogen) according to Cellfectin’s manual in triplicate. 12 h for after culture, cells were planked with cell density of 2.0 × 104 cells/well to 96-well plates. The fluorescence density of High Five was detected using a Flex Station II microplate reader (Molecular Devices, USA) with condition of Ex (490 nm)/Em (510 nm) at 48 h post-transfection. The fluorescence value was revised by subtracting the spontaneous fluorescence of non-EGFP cells.
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7

Heterotrimeric G-protein and Nanobody Purification

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Gs and Go heterotrimer were expressed in HighFive™ (Invitrogen) insect cells using recombinant baculovirus and purified by chromatography on Ni-NTA, MonoQ, and Superdex 200 resin, as previously described31 (link). Nanobodies were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified as previously described11 (link),14 (link),27 (link).
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8

Insect Cell Culture for Baculovirus

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Sf9 (Invitrogen) and High Five (Invitrogen) insect cells were employed for baculovirus generation and protein expression, respectively. Both cell lines were cultured in suspension cultures in serum-free HyQ media (Hyclone) at 25°C under shaking conditions.
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9

Purification of Murine CRY2 and PER2 Proteins

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The mouse CRY2 (amino acids 1–512) was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein in High Five (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) suspension insect cells and isolated by glutathione affinity chromatography using buffer containing 20 mM Tris–HCl pH 8, 200 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 5 mM DTT (dithiothreitol). The protein was cleaved on-column by tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease then purified further by cation-exchange chromatography. Proteolytically stable murine PER2 (amino acids 1095–1215) was expressed as a GST-fusion protein in Escherichia coli expression system and isolated through glutathione affinity chromatography using buffer containing 20 mM Tris–HCl pH 8, 300 mM NaCl, 5 mM DTT. The protein was cleaved on-column by TEV protease then purified further by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Both proteins were combined, concentrated, and further purified by size-exclusion chromatography using buffer containing 20 mM Tris–HCl pH 8, 300 mM NaCl, 5 mM DTT, 10% glycerol to establish stoichiometric binding.
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10

Cell Culture Protocols for Insect and Mammalian Cells

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Insect Sf9 (Invitrogen) and High Five (Invitrogen) cells were routinely sub-cultured at 0.4–1 × 106 cell/mL every 3–4 days when cell density reached 2–3 × 106 cell/mL in the Insect-XPRESSTM (Sartorius) and Sf-900TM II SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) medium, respectively. HEK293-E6 cells (NRC) (Durocher et al., 2002 (link)) were routinely sub-cultured at 0.5–0.6 × 106 cell/mL every 3–4 days, when cell density reached 2–3 × 106 cell/mL in the Free Style F17 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) medium supplemented with 4 mM GlutaMAX™ (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 0.1% Pluronic™ F-68 (Life Technologies) and 25 μg/ml of Geneticin (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cells were cultured using 125–500 ml shake-flasks (Corning) with 10%–20% working volume. Insect Sf9 and High Five cells were maintained at 27°C in a shaking incubator (Inova 44R—Eppendorf) set to 100 rpm and with 2.54 cm shaking diameter. HEK 293 cells were maintained in a similar incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2 and the stirring rate set to 75 rpm.
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