Amido black

Furfural, amido black, and acetic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), vanillin, ethyl acetate and hexane were purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ). Vanillic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid (TPCA) and cellulase were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD (Japan). Glyceryl trioleate (TL), N, O-Bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoro-acetamide (BSTFA) with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), pridine, xylose, glucose, arabinose, o-methoxylamine HCl, acetic anhydride were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Glucosidase was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Solon, OH). [1,2- ¹³C₂] _D-glucose was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (MA, USA). Rhodococcus opacus PD630 (DSM 44193, hereafter referred as strain PD630) was purchased from DSMZ, Germany. The strain was streaked on Reasoner’s 2A (R2A) agar plates for short-term (2–3 weeks) preservation.

The strain PD631, a domesticated derivative of PD630, was used in this study. PD631 was developed by subculturing on Reasoner’s 2A (R2A) agar plates for six months and showed a similar TAG-accumulating ability to PD630 (Gill et al., 2018 (link)). The strain PD631 was maintained aerobically in R2A or Luria-Bertani (LB) broth medium at 200 rpm at 30 °C. Amido black, hexane, methanol, and Imperial™ protein stain were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA). R2A broth was purchased from Teknova (Hollister, CA, USA). Difco LB broth, Difco LB agar, Difco R2A agar, Difco Nutrient Agar, polypepton, and beef extract powder were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Diethyl ether, glyceryl trioleate (TL), chloroform, thiostrepton, chloramphenicol (CAM), and all other chemicals used in this study were purchased from Millipore Sigma (Burlington, MA, USA).