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Amplex red cholesterol assay

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany

The Amplex Red Cholesterol Assay is a fluorometric assay used to detect and quantify cholesterol levels. It measures the amount of cholesterol present in a sample by monitoring the oxidation of Amplex Red reagent.

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46 protocols using amplex red cholesterol assay

1

Cholesterol Quantification in Neuronal Membranes

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Membrane pellets were obtained from neurons cultured in 60-mm petri dishes. The cells were lysed in MES buffer (25 mM, pH 7.1), and the membrane pellet of the neurons was obtained by ultracentrifugation of the extract at 70000 rpm (TLA 100.1 rotor, Beckman) for 1 hour at 4 °C. Quantification of cholesterol concentration was performed using the Amplex Red cholesterol assay (Invitrogen- A12216). Fluorescence levels in the final AmplexRed–membrane pellet solution were measured using a Tecan spectrophotometer.
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2

Quantifying Cholesterol in Drosophila

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Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and also the precursor for steroid hormone biosynthesis. In addition to free cholesterol, cholesterol esterified to long chain fatty acids is present in circulating lipoprotein particles as well as stored in lipid droplets. A fluorometric assay has been widely used to quantify free cholesterol in Drosophila larvae and adults [14 (link), 41 (link)–44 (link)]. In addition, by sonicating the extracts to emulsify lipids and including cholesterol esterase in the reaction, cholesterol esters can be digested into free cholesterol, which can then be quantified by the fluorometric assay and compared to the background level of free cholesterol present in the sample. We use the Amplex Red Cholesterol assay (Invitrogen; A12216) to detect either free cholesterol or esterified cholesterol, as described below. This kit uses cholesterol oxidase to convert free cholesterol into cholest-4-en-3-one and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide then reacts with 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine in the presence of horseradish peroxidase to generate resorufin, which can be detected by its fluorescence at ~590 nm. It should be noted that this assay will detect all sterols, including the abundant sterols in Drosophila (ergosterol and dehydrocholesterol), all of which are defined by a hydroxyl group at the 3-position of the A-ring [33 (link)].
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3

Cholesterol Quantification in Rab7 Variants

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22L-N2a cells transfected for 48 h with pEGFP-Rab7 plasmids expressing EGFP-WT Rab7, EGFP-Rab7-Q67L, and EGFP-Rab7-T22N and untransfected control N2a cells were used. The cells were lysed as described (34 ) and centrifuged. The postnuclear supernatant was used for the Amplex red cholesterol assay (Invitrogen), bicinchoninic acid assay analysis, and immunoblotting to determine the transfection efficiency. Briefly, the total cholesterol levels were quantified as recommended by the manufacturer’s instructions and were normalized to the respective protein concentrations of the samples.
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4

Quantification of Cellular Cholesterol and Phospholipids

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One million cells were plated in 150‐mm petri dishes 24 h before the experiment. Cells were treated with 10 mM methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD, C4555 Sigma) for 30 min for the positive control. Cells were washed three times and scraped in 500 μl of PBS. Cells in PBS (500 μl) were mixed with 2 ml of EtOH/chloroform (2/1) solution in glass tubes. After 5 min of centrifugation at 1,400 g, the supernatant was transferred into a new tube. Then, 0.5 ml of 50 mM citric acid, 1 ml of water, and 0.5 ml of chloroform were added. After 20 min of centrifugation at 1,400 g, the lower phase‐containing lipids were transferred in new glass tubes and dried in a stream of nitrogen. For the lipids quantification, dried lipids were solubilized in EtOH 95% solution. Cholesterol quantification was performed with the Amplex Red cholesterol assay (A12216 Invitrogen), and phospholipids quantification was performed with LabAssay phospholipid (296‐63801 Wako Chemicals) according to the manufacturer instructions.
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5

Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism Assay

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Thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (2x106 cells) isolated from macLRP1-/- and LRP1+/+ mice were plated in 100 mm dishes in serum free media for 3 h at 37°C. Cells were scraped off the plate into 4 ml PBS and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min. Cell pellets were extracted with 300 μl isopropanol with sonication (2 x 10 s, medium setting). The cell extract was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 5 min and the supernatant was removed and assayed for cholesterol. Total cholesterol and free cholesterol was determined using the Invitrogen Amplex Red Cholesterol Assay in the presence or absence of cholesterol esterase respectively. Samples were diluted 10- to 40-fold before assaying. The cell pellet was taken up in 50 μl 4M guanidinium hydrochloride and the protein concentration determined using the Pierce BCA assay.
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6

Cholesterol Quantification using Amplex Red

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The Amplex Red cholesterol assay (Invitrogen, A12216) was used for cholesterol quantification according to manufacturer instructions, and fluorescence was measured using a Fluoroskan plate reader (Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc.). Fractions were diluted with the provided reaction buffer to reach cholesterol concentrations within the linear range of the assay.
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7

Quantification of Intracellular Cholesterol and Secreted PSA

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The Amplex Red Cholesterol assay (Invitrogen) was performed as per manufacturer’s instructions to measure the total intracellular cholesterol amount. 50 μL of cell extracts and cholesterol reference standards were aliquoted in triplicates into a 96-well plate and Amplex Red reaction buffer and working solution were added. Plates were incubated for thirty minutes at 37°C in the dark. Fluorescence was measured using an excitation wavelength of 560 nm and an emission wavelength of 590 nm. Cholesterol concentration was normalized to the amount of protein present in the lysates.
The amount of PSA secreted by the cancer cells was quantified using the PSA ELISA assay (ProClin International). 50uL of reference standards and media from each treatment and control wells were aliquoted in triplicates into a 96-well plate. Following incubations with reaction buffer, enzyme conjugate reagent, and TMB reagent, the optical density was measured at 450 nm and the PSA concentration was normalized to the amount of protein present in the media.
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8

Cholesterol Quantification in Cell Lysates

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Cholesterol levels in whole‐cell lysates were calculated by an Amplex Red cholesterol assay (Invitrogen). Briefly, samples were diluted in reaction buffer, and an equivalent volume of Amplex Red working solution (300 × 10−6m Amplex Red, 2 U mL−1 cholesterol oxidase, 2 U mL−1 cholesterol esterase, and 2 U mL−1 horseradish peroxidase) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A12216) was added. Samples were incubated at 37 °C for 30 min, and the fluorescence was measured at EX:560 nm and Em:590 nm using a microplate reader. Cholesterol values were calculated using known cholesterol solutions and normalized to the protein content as measured by a Bradford Protein Assay Kit (Bio‐Rad).
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9

Cholesterol Quantification in Placental Cells

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Folch extraction was performed on 70 μg of protein from PHT lysate as described38 (link). Lysates were incubated with methanol/chloroform (1:2 v/v, 30 min, 50 °C). Then, 1 volume of water was added (18 h, 4 °C), and the reaction was centrifuged (750 RCF, 20 min, 4 °C). The methanol/water phase was removed, and the chloroform phase containing cellular cholesterol was recovered and completely evaporated under nitrogen. Cholesterol extracted from PHT was determined with the Amplex Red Cholesterol assay (Invitrogen, USA) in the presence or absence of the enzyme cholesterol esterase for determination of total (TC) and free cholesterol (FC), respectively. Cholesterol esters were determined as the difference between TC and FC. FC was also determined by Filipin staining (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) as described39 (link). PHT cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, their autofluorescence was quenched with glycine in PBS (1.5 mg/mL, 20 min, 20 °C), and then they were incubated with Filipin (25 μg/mL, 30 min, 20 °C). Images were obtained in an EVOS FL Imaging System (Life Technologies, USA), and the fluorescence was quantified with ImageJ version 1.48 (NIH, USA).
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10

Quantitative Cholesterol Measurement

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Amplex Red cholesterol assay was performed (according to manufacturer instructions; Invitrogen) to determine the abundance of cholesterol. Each reading was normalized to protein concentration (determined by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay) in the same samples. Technical triplicates were measured for each sample. Shown are values normalized to untreated cells. Reported are the average and standard deviations from at least three independent biological replicates.
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