Total proteins were extracted from the cells via treatment with lysis buffer and benzylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) (both from Beyotime, Shanghai, China), and then the protein supernatants were centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 10 min (at 4°C) to remove tissue fragments from sediments. The precipitate was then quantified using a bicinchoninic acid protein assay. Next, protein samples were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membrane was blocked with 5% fat-free milk for 2 hours, and incubated with either anti-HMGB1 antibody (
ab77302, 1:1000 dilution, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) or anti-RAGE antibody (
ab54741, 1:200 dilution, Abcam) at 4°C, overnight. The blots were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (
ab205718, 1:2000 dilution, Abcam) at room temperature (25°C) for 1 hour with continuous shaking. After washing, proteins within Western blots were detected using an
enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Millipore, MA, USA), and then the blots were exposed to an X-ray film. Bands were quantified using
Fluorchem (9900) (Alpha Innotech, Sam Leandro, CA, USA) equipment, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as an internal reference.
Liu C., Sun H., Tang M., Li J., Zhang X, & Cao G. (2021). Ethyl Pyruvate Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension through the Suppression of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via the High Mobility Group Protein B1/Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products Axis. Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 27(6), 380-388.