H89 dihydrochloride

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United Kingdom

H89 dihydrochloride is a chemical compound used in laboratory research. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase A. The core function of H89 dihydrochloride is to inhibit the activity of protein kinase A, which is an enzyme involved in various cellular processes.

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H89-dihydrochloride Hydrate (H89) (4 citations)

7 protocols using h89 dihydrochloride

Evaluating Desmoplakin Regulation in BeWo Cells

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BeWo cells (0.3 × 10⁵/well; on cover slip in a 24-well plate for desmoplakin I + II staining or 0.1 × 10⁶/well; in a 6-well plate for Western blotting) were seeded overnight. Further, the cells were starved of FBS for at least 4 h before treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of PKA, H89 dihydrochloride (10 μM; Sigma-Aldrich Inc.) for 1 h at 37 °C with 5% CO₂ in humidified air. Subsequently, cells were washed and Ham’s F-12 medium supplemented with 1 × ITS + 1 (Sigma-Aldrich Inc.) and forskolin (25 μM; Sigma-Aldrich Inc.) was added for varying time points. Cells on coverslips were fixed in chilled methanol for 5 min at 4 °C for desmoplakin I + II staining or cell lysates were prepared for Western blotting. Appropriate controls were processed simultaneously.

Saryu Malhotra S., Suman P, & Kumar Gupta S. (2015). Alpha or beta human chorionic gonadotropin knockdown decrease BeWo cell fusion by down-regulating PKA and CREB activation. Scientific Reports, 5, 11210.

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Pharmacological Inhibition of Kinases and Histone Deacetylases

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H-89 dihydrochloride (PKA/PKB/AKT1 kinase inhibitor), 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (tricaine), and rifampicin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands. H-89 analog 97i was synthesized by the Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. Pan-HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) and class IIa HDAC inhibitors TMP195 and TMP269 were purchased from Selleckchem, Munich, Germany. Hygromycin B was acquired from Life Technologies-Invitrogen, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands. Recombinant human IFN-γ protein was acquired from R&D Systems, Wiesbaden, Germany.

Moreira J.D., Koch B.E., van Veen S., Walburg K.V., Vrieling F., Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães T., Meijer A.H., Spaink H.P., Ottenhoff T.H., Haks M.C, & Heemskerk M.T. (2020). Functional Inhibition of Host Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) Enhances in vitro and in vivo Anti-mycobacterial Activity in Human Macrophages and in Zebrafish. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 36.

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Comprehensive Compound Procurement for Research

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H-89 dihydrochloride, D4476, IC261, LY-364947, DAPH 2, nafoxidine hydrochloride, 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine, naftifine hydrochloride, opipramol, rifampicin, kanamycin, and the library of pharmacologically active compounds (LOPAC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, the Netherlands. Hygromycin B was acquired from Life Technologies-Invitrogen, Bleiswijk, the Netherlands. Imatinib mesylate was from Enzo Life Sciences, Raamsdonksveer, the Netherlands. VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor I and ampicillin were purchased from Calbiochem Merck-Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany. Pazopanib HCl, AT9283, and linifanib (ABT-869) were acquired from Selleck Chemicals, Munich, Germany. Quizartinib was purchased from MedChemExpress, Stockholm, Sweden. Santa Cruz BioTechnology, Heidelberg, Germany was the supplier of PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor III. Dovitinib (TKI-258, CHIR-258) was from APExBIO, Houston, TX, USA. The siKinome library was acquired from Thermo Fisher Dharmacon, Waltham, MA, USA.

Korbee C.J., Heemskerk M.T., Kocev D., van Strijen E., Rabiee O., Franken K.L., Wilson L., Savage N.D., Džeroski S., Haks M.C, & Ottenhoff T.H. (2018). Combined chemical genetics and data-driven bioinformatics approach identifies receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as host-directed antimicrobials. Nature Communications, 9, 358.

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Pharmacological Interventions in Rat Models

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Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 867790) was purchased from Carolina Biological Supply Company (Burlington, NC). Perchloric acid (HCLO₄, 3752) was purchased from GFS Chemicals (Powell, OH). 3,4-dihy-droxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (850217), dopamine hydrochloride (H8502), desipramine hydrochloride (D3900), 6-OHDA hydrochloride (H4381), Homovanillic acid (HVA) (H1252), bovine serum albumin (BSA) (A2153), L-ascorbic acid (A5960), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (16561-29-8), bisindolylmaleimide II (BIM II) (B3056), forskolin (FSK) (F6886) and H-89 dihydrochloride (B1427) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Ketoprofen (0215515405) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA). Purified DHA oil was purchased from Nu-Chek Prep (Elysian, MN). All other chemicals used were obtained at the highest available purity from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) or Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All injections were administered at a volume of 0.001 ml (vehicle) per gram body weight of each rat.

Chitre N.M., Wood B.J., Ray A., Moniri N.H, & Murnane K.S. (2020). Docosahexaenoic acid protects motor function and increases dopamine synthesis in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease via mechanisms associated with increased protein kinase activity in the striatum. Neuropharmacology, 167, 107976.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Hs578t Cells

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Hs578t WT and KO cells (75,000 cells/well) were seeded in a 6-well plate. Drugs were applied and the cells were incubated overnight (16 h) or for 8 h (for carbenoxolone, PF 431396, IPA-3, and latrunculin A). The final concentrations of the drugs were as follows: meclofenamate sodium (Chem Cruz; #sc200532A) 25 µM; forskolin (Sigma-Aldrich; #F6886), 30 µM; latrunculin A (Tocris; #3973, Bristol, UK), 10 nM; SB203580 (Selleckchem; #S1076, Houston, TX, USA), 25 µM; carbenoxolone (Sigma-Aldrich; #C4790), 25 µM; Y-27632 (Selleckchem; #S1049), 10 µM; IPA-3 (Selleckchem; #S7093), 2.5 µM; 8-Br-cAMP (Abcam; #ab141448, Cambridge, UK), 100 µM; H89 dihydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich; #C4790), 20 µM; and PF 431396 (Tocris; #4278), 5 µM.

Tishchenko A., Azorín D.D., Vidal-Brime L., Muñoz M.J., Arenas P.J., Pearce C., Girao H., Ramón y Cajal S, & Aasen T. (2020). Cx43 and Associated Cell Signaling Pathways Regulate Tunneling Nanotubes in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers, 12(10), 2798.

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Inflammatory Pathways and Bile Acid Modulation

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Inflammatory pathways were induced with Escherichia coli LPS (isotype O26:B6; Sigma‐Aldrich) at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml and with mouse IFNγ (Peprotech) 10 and 20 ng/ml. TUDCA sodium salt was purchased from Calbiochem (580549), sodium TLCA from Sigma‐Aldrich (T7515) and HDCA from Alfa Aesar (B20506). In preliminary experiments with Raw264.7 cells, using nitrite release as the inflammatory read out, we tested concentrations of 20–320 µM bile acids, dissolved in cell culture medium. Based on these results we chose 40 µM TLCA, 200 µM TUDCA and 160 µM HDCA in phagocytosis and gene expression assays. The activation of NFκB was inhibited with 2 µM Bay11‐7082 (Sigma‐Aldrich B5556). We blocked CD36 with 25 μM sulfo‐N‐succinimidyl oleate (SSO; Merck SML2148) and PKA with 2 µM H89 dihydrochloride (Sigma‐Aldrich B1427). All‐trans retinoic acid (RA; Sigma‐Aldrich R2625) was used at 0.1 µM and GW4064 (Cayman 10006611‐5) at 2 µM (Wu et al., 2021 (link)).

Wu S., Romero‐Ramírez L, & Mey J. (2021). Taurolithocholic acid but not tauroursodeoxycholic acid rescues phagocytosis activity of bone marrow‐derived macrophages under inflammatory stress. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 237(2), 1455-1470.

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Signaling Pathways in Cell Communication

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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 3-Isobutyl–1-methyl xanthine (IBMX) and H89 dihydrochloride were purchased from Sigma. Forskolin was purchased from Calbiochem. Tissue culture media and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Hyclone. Antibodies were purchased as follows: rabbit anti-connexin43 (#C6219) antibody was purchased from Sigma; rabbit anti-phospho-CREB (Ser133, #9198), total-CREB (#9197), rabbit anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr404; #9101), rabbit anti-total-ERK1/2 (#9102) and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. The mouse anti-GAPDH antibody (#MAB 374) was purchased from Millipore. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma, unless indicated otherwise.

Gupta A., Anderson H., Buo A.M., Moorer M.C., Ren M, & Stains J.P. (2016). Communication of cAMP by connexin43 gap junctions regulates osteoblast signaling and gene expression. Cellular signalling, 28(8), 1048-1057.

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