Analytical grade of sodium hypochlorite, oxalic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, sodium salt trihydrate, and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were obtained from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (shanghai, China). Analytical grade of ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, aluminum trichloride, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O), pyridine, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). The standards of chlorophylls (a and b), carotenoids (neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene), soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), authentic ascorbic acid, and quercetin were obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade of p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, ortho-nitrophenyl β-d -galactopyranoside, sulfatase, and DEAE-sephadex A-25, as well as Procyanidin B2 standards were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (Saint Louis, USA). HPLC grade of isopropanol, acetonitrile, and methyl alcohol were purchased from Tedia Company, Inc. (Fairfield, USA).
Lutein
Manufactured by Solarbio
Sourced in China
Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid compound found in various plants and organisms. It functions as an antioxidant and plays a role in the protection of cellular structures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
β carotene, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Chron Chemicals (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Chron Chemicals (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Chron Chemicals (1 mentions)
Sulfatase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deae sephadex a 25, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Procyanidin b2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 4 6 tris 2 pyridyl s triazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Chron Chemicals (1 mentions)
Oxalic acid, by Sangon (1 mentions)
Aluminum trichloride, by Chron Chemicals (1 mentions)
Authentic ascorbic acid, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Ortho nitrophenyl β d galactopyranoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid, by Sangon (1 mentions)
P dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Tedia (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Sangon (1 mentions)
Methyl alcohol, by Tedia (1 mentions)
1260 infinity hplc system, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
6 protocols using lutein
1
Phytochemical Analysis of Plant Extracts
2
Carotenoid Profiling in Yellow Peach Cultivars
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We extracted and measured five carotenoids in the fruit flesh of 132 yellow-flesh peach cultivars in accordance with the method of Yan et al. [16 ], with some modifications. Frozen fruit (1 g) was homogenized in 6 mL of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade acetone and extracted using ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 2 h in the dark. Then, the extract was centrifuged (10,000 g for 10 min at 4 °C) and passed through a 0.22-µm filter for analysis (Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC system, Milford, MA, USA). Samples (20 µL of extract) were analyzed using a YMC-C30 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) coupled with a diode array detector at 450 nm, with HPLC-grade methyl tertiary butyl ether and methanol (V:V = 30:70) as the solvent. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min−1, and the temperature was 25 °C. Standards of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). Compounds were quantified by comparing the peak areas and are presented as mg per kg of fresh weight (mg·kg−1 FW). Samples were analyzed in three technical replicates.
3
Lutein Extraction and Purification of Egg Yolk PLs
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Lutein (purity＞95 %) was obtained from Solarbio Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene were purchased from McLean Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Aroma chemicals used as references: hexanal, methional, hexanal, methional, (E)-2-decenal, (E)-2-undecenal, (E)-2-octenal, undecanal, decanal, 2-pentyl-furan, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, 1-octen-3-ol, benzaldehyde, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, and standards of n-alkanes (C5–C30) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
High-purity egg yolk PLs (＞95 %) were used in our study, as described recently (Chen et al., 2019b (link)). Lutein was co-extracted in the crude extraction, but it was removed when the crude extraction was dissolved in hexane and cold acetone was used to precipitate and wash PLs.
High-purity egg yolk PLs (＞95 %) were used in our study, as described recently (Chen et al., 2019b (link)). Lutein was co-extracted in the crude extraction, but it was removed when the crude extraction was dissolved in hexane and cold acetone was used to precipitate and wash PLs.
4
Carotenoid Extraction and Quantification from Flowering Petals
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Carotenoid were extracted from fresh petals at the flowering stage and detected following the methods of Cao et al.51 (link). Carotenoid analysis was performed using LC-2010AHT HPLC (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with C30 column (YMC, Kyoto, Japan). Carotenoids were identified by the typical retention time of the standard compounds, including violaxanthin (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, America), lutein (Solarbio, Beijing, China), α-carotene and β-carotene (Wako, Osaka, Japan). The identification of prolycopene was performed based on reported the typical retention time and relative order of carotenoid compound peaks22 (link),43 (link),51 (link). Carotenoid content was quantified according to Morris’ method52 (link). The total carotenoid content was the sum of all the detected carotenoid compound contents. Three biological replicates were used for all analyses and the calculation of means and standard deviations were conducted. The significant difference between 92S105 and 15S1040 was analyzed by t-test.
5
Extraction and Analysis of Lutein
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All chemicals
were of analytical grade unless otherwise indicated. Potassium nitrate
(purity ≥99.0%) was purchased from Sinopharm (Beijing, China).
Lutein (HPLC ≥90%) and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased
from Solarbio (Beijing, China) and Fisher Chemicals (Loughborough,
UK). Ultrapure water was produced by a Milli-Q purification system.
The SPE cartridge ProElut AC 250 mg/3 mL, ProElut C18 500 mg/3 mL,
ProElut CARB 250 mg/3 mL, ProElut CARB 500 mg/6 mL, ProElut NH2 500 mg/3 mL, ProElut PSA 500 mg/3 mL, ProElut CARB/NH2 500/500 mg/6 mL and ProElut CARB/PSA 500/500 mg/6 mL were
purchased from Dikma (Beijing, China).
were of analytical grade unless otherwise indicated. Potassium nitrate
(purity ≥99.0%) was purchased from Sinopharm (Beijing, China).
Lutein (HPLC ≥90%) and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased
from Solarbio (Beijing, China) and Fisher Chemicals (Loughborough,
UK). Ultrapure water was produced by a Milli-Q purification system.
The SPE cartridge ProElut AC 250 mg/3 mL, ProElut C18 500 mg/3 mL,
ProElut CARB 250 mg/3 mL, ProElut CARB 500 mg/6 mL, ProElut NH2 500 mg/3 mL, ProElut PSA 500 mg/3 mL, ProElut CARB/NH2 500/500 mg/6 mL and ProElut CARB/PSA 500/500 mg/6 mL were
purchased from Dikma (Beijing, China).
6
Investigating Lutein Effects on Breast Cancer Cell Lines
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The MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection. Cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), at 37°C with 5% CO2.
MCF-7 and T47D cells were analyzed for mycoplasma to ensure that they were not contaminated with mycoplasma using the Mycoplasma Detection kit (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Lutein was purchased from the Agri-Food Canada Research Centre. Lutein was dissolved in different concentrations of DMSO (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., 0.00, 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 and 50.00 µg/ml).
MCF-7 and T47D cells were analyzed for mycoplasma to ensure that they were not contaminated with mycoplasma using the Mycoplasma Detection kit (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Lutein was purchased from the Agri-Food Canada Research Centre. Lutein was dissolved in different concentrations of DMSO (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., 0.00, 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 and 50.00 µg/ml).
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