R software version

Body mass index (BMI) was converted into z-scores according to the World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts [28 (link)]. Data were presented as medians (interquartile ranges—IQRs) or n (%) as appropriate. Differences in age, sex, ethnicity, country of inclusion, BMI, and ACT between uncontrolled and controlled asthmatics were evaluated using Mann–Whitney U, and Pearson chi-square tests as appropriate. All statistical comparisons were two-tailed. p-values <0.05 were considered significant.
Analyses were performed using R software version 3.6.1 [29 ] and RStudio Version 1.2.1335 supported by the following packages, dplyr, plyr, tidyr, zscorer, qwraps2, and stats packages.

Statistical analysis and graphing were performed on R software version (4.0.3) and Rstudio (1.4.1106), and Prism V.8 (GraphPad), respectively. Normality of the residuals was interpreted from graphical analysis and from statistical output of Shapiro–Wilk test. Homogeneity of variance in residuals was analyzed with Levene’s homogeneity test. Adult body mass and T_b were compared among groups using a general linear model (GLM) from the lme4 R package, in which experimental group (Control, Low, or High exposure level), sex, and experimental period (time in weeks) were used as fixed effects. Similarly, $\dot{\text{V}}$ O₂, $\dot{\text{V}}$ CO₂, RER, $\dot{\text{V}}$ _E, V_T, f, and $\dot{\text{V}}$ _E/ $\dot{\text{V}}$ O₂ were compared among groups using a similar GLM model, however, body mass and T_b of the quail were considered as covariates.
Hematological variables of the parental population were compared between groups with GLM model using experimental group and the sex as fixed effects, and considering body mass and body temperature as covariates. Similarly, organ masses were analyzed with a similar mode as for blood variables, but T_b was not considered as covariate. Organ mass data were expressed as percentage of body mass.