42mgba

Human astrocytes immortalized by retroviral transduction of hTERT, E6, and E7 proteins were generously provided by Dr. Russ Pieper (University of California, San Francisco)^{13 (link)}. 293 T and NIH-3T3 cells were obtained directly from ATCC and were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 °C in 5% CO₂. Glioblastoma and other malignant glioma cell lines harboring wildtype PRKCA alleles were obtained directly from ATCC (U87MG, T98G, M059J), DSMZ (42MGBA), and Japan Health Sciences Foundation Health Science Research Resources Bank (KNS-42, AM-38) and maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 °C in 5% CO₂.

AM38, DBTRG-05MG, LN229, NMC-G1 and U87MG cells were purchased from ATCC. 8MGBA, 42MGBA were obtained from DSMZ. ATRT lines BT12, BT16 and 794 was kindly provided by Dr N. Foreman (University of Colorado). CHLA-07-BSGBM was the provided by the courtesy of Dr Anat Erdreich-Epsten (Children's Hospital Los Angeles). SF188, SF9744, SF9841 and SF9867 were obtained from the Brain Tumor Research Center (University of California, San Francisco).
Wild-type and K567RAxl in pcDNA3.1 (+) vector was kindly provided by Dr Trever Bivona (Helen Diller Cancer Center, UCSF) [30 (link)]. pcDNA3.1-v5/His plasmids containing human full-length EGFR has been described previously [32 (link)]. PLX4720 was provided by Plexxikon Inc (Berkeley, CA, USA) and HKI-272 (Neratinib) was purchased from TSZ Scientific LLC (MA, USA). Axl inhibitors foretinib (GSK1363089) and R428 (BGB324) were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, Texas, USA) and Axon Medchem (Reston, Virginia, USA) respectively. All drugs were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 10 mM and stored at −20°C. The final DMSO concentration in all experiment was less than 0.1% in medium.