The content for APPL and alkali-lignin was determined according to the protocol described by [32] (link). After 2, 4, and 7 days of incubation under the different SSF conditions, the APPL was extracted from the fermented wheat and barley straws. To obtain the APPL, 20 mL of distilled water/g was added to the transformed straw and steamed at 100 °C for 1 h, then ltered through Whatman No. 54 lter paper, and washed again with 100 mL of water at 80 °C. The APPL was precipitated from the supernatants by acidi cation to pH 1-2 with 12 M HCl. The precipitates were collected by centrifugation (12,439 g, 20 min), washed twice with deionized acidic water, freeze-dried in a Christ Alpha 1-4 freeze-dryer with LDC-1 M controller (Martin Christ Gefriertrocknungsanlagen GmbH, Osterode am Harz, Germany), and the dry weight of APPL was gravimetrically estimated. For the alkali-lignin obtention, the same procedure was followed but the lignin extraction was carried out with 0.1 M NaOH.
Christ alpha 1 4 freeze dryer
Manufactured by Martin Christ
Sourced in Germany
The Christ Alpha 1-4 freeze-dryer is a laboratory equipment designed for the process of freeze-drying. It is capable of drying various materials by removing water or other solvents through sublimation under low temperature and pressure conditions.
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Lab products found in correlation
2 protocols using christ alpha 1 4 freeze dryer
1
APPL and Alkali-Lignin Extraction from Straw
2
Alnus glutinosa Sp+ and Sp - Nodules
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Alnus glutinosa Sp+ and Sp _ field nodule and associated-root sampling.
All nodules and roots were collected between September and October 2012 from six Alnus glutinosa stands, previously described as "Sp+ sites" (three sites) or "Sp _ sites" (three sites) in Pozzi et al. (2015) (Table 3). Three different trees were randomly selected per site and, for each of them, a minimum of three nodules were collected with associated roots. All nodules were phenotypically and genetically analyzed to confirm Sp+ or Sp _ phenotype, as described by Pozzi et al. (2015) . All collected material was stored at _ 80°C before being freeze-dried (Christ Alpha 1-4 freeze dryer).
In our experiments, a nodule sample is defined as a pool of three nodules collected on three different trees (one nodule per tree) coming from the same site, which represents a minimum of three nodule samples per site. Similar sampling was done for associated roots (at least three pooled root samples were also made per site). Each sample, whether nodule or associated root, was made from 150 mg of freeze-dried material, was crushed to very fine dry powder (Retsch TissueLyser II), and was kept in liquid nitrogen, until the first extraction. A total of 48 samples (15 Sp+ nodule samples, 14 Sp _ nodule samples, and 19 associated-root samples [Table 3]) were extracted.
All nodules and roots were collected between September and October 2012 from six Alnus glutinosa stands, previously described as "Sp+ sites" (three sites) or "Sp _ sites" (three sites) in Pozzi et al. (2015) (Table 3). Three different trees were randomly selected per site and, for each of them, a minimum of three nodules were collected with associated roots. All nodules were phenotypically and genetically analyzed to confirm Sp+ or Sp _ phenotype, as described by Pozzi et al. (2015) . All collected material was stored at _ 80°C before being freeze-dried (Christ Alpha 1-4 freeze dryer).
In our experiments, a nodule sample is defined as a pool of three nodules collected on three different trees (one nodule per tree) coming from the same site, which represents a minimum of three nodule samples per site. Similar sampling was done for associated roots (at least three pooled root samples were also made per site). Each sample, whether nodule or associated root, was made from 150 mg of freeze-dried material, was crushed to very fine dry powder (Retsch TissueLyser II), and was kept in liquid nitrogen, until the first extraction. A total of 48 samples (15 Sp+ nodule samples, 14 Sp _ nodule samples, and 19 associated-root samples [Table 3]) were extracted.
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